大学四级163Word下载.docx

1、（）解析：经典范文B The Craze for Certificates/B1 Nowadays, a craze for certificates 2 has prevailed in our society. Students are working hard to get certificates such as CET-4 and CET-6. Company staff and even some officials go back to school for the certificates to meet various needs. It seems everyone is

2、striving for certificates.3 Why are certificates so important and attractive? It can be explained from two angles. Firstly, certificate education is an indispensable supplement to curricular education. Extracurriculum study for certificates help develop ones skills for future use, most of which cann

3、ot be acquired from the normal classroom study. Whats more, the craze for certificates 4 arises from the demand of the competitive society, 5 where certificates play an important part in job hunting. 6 The more certificates one has, the more job opportunities one will have.In my opinion, 7 while it

4、is true that certificates are essential to ones future career, it doesnt follow that certificates mean everything. Ones ability behind certificates matters much more. It is, therefore, suggested that 8 more emphasis be put on the process of getting a certificate than on the purpose.写作指南这是一篇典型的说明类作文，

5、要求考生先引出“社会上有一股证书热”的现象，然后列举两到三个“证书热的原因”，最后谈谈“我对证书热的看法”，要简明，不宜过多展开。根据写作要求，文章的结构安排如下：第一段开头段，引出“社会上有一股证书热”的现象；第二段中间段，列举两到三个“证书热的原因”；第三段结尾段，简明谈谈“我对证书热的看法”。亮点解析1 意思为“现在”，通常用于引出现象。类似表达法有now，at present time，recently等。2 意思为“盛行”，用于描述现象。类似表达法有has spread，has become popular等。3 利用问句引出原因。4 意思为“源于”，用于描述原因。类似表达法有com

6、e from，stem from，derive from等。5 利用非限定性定语从句加以补充说明。6 意思为“越越”，表示比较。7 意思为“虽然是对的，但是不能说”，用于引出观点。8 意思为“我们要更加重视”，类似表达法有greater importance should be attached to，more attention should be paid to等。二、BPart Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning）/B（总题数：70.00）Sharks/BSharks are amazing fish that have been a

7、round since long before the dinosaurs existed. They live in waters all over the world, in every ocean, and even in some rivers and lakes.Sharks and Bony FishUnlike bony fish, sharks have no bones; their skeleton is made of cartilage（软骨）, which is a tough, fibrous substance, not nearly as hard as bon

8、e. Cartilage, a strong fibrous（纤维的） substance, is softer than bone; our nose and ears are made of cartilage. Sharks also have no swim bladder （unlike bony fish）.BSize/BThere are many different species of sharks that range in size from the size of a persons hand to bigger than a bus. The whale shark

9、is the largest fish in the world; the basking shark is the second largest fish. Fully-grown sharks range in size from 7 inches long （the Spined Pygmy shark）, up to 50 feet long. Most sharks are intermediate in size, and are about the same size as people, 5 - 7 feet long. Half of the shark species ar

10、e under 39 inches long.BVariety of Sharks/BThere are about 368 different species of sharks, which are divided into 30 families. These different families of sharks are very different in the way of look, live, and eat. They have different shapes, sizes, colors, fins, teeth, habitat, diet, personality,

11、 methods of reproduction, and other attributes. Some types of shark are very rare and some are quite common. The spiny dogfish shark is the most common shark.BBody Shapes/BSharks have a variety of body shapes. Most sharks have streamlined （流线型的）, Some sharks have an elongated body shape （e. g. cooki

12、ecutter sharks and wobbegongs）. Sawsharks have elongated snouts, thresher sharks have a tremendously elongated upper tail fin which they use to stun prey, and hammerheads have extraordinarily wide heads. The goblin shark has a large, pointed protuberance （突出） on its head; its purpose is unknown.BTee

13、th/BThe teeth of sharks are also striking. Sharks may have up to 3,000 teeth at one time. Most sharks do not chew their food, but swallow it down whole or in large pieces. The teeth are arranged in rows; when one tooth is damaged or lost, it is replaced by another. Most sharks have about 5 rows of t

14、eeth at any time. The front set is the largest and does most of the work.BDiet/BSharks vary greatly in their diets, but they are all carnivores（食肉动物）. Some eat fish, other sharks, and marine mammals; some eat shellfish from the ocean floor; and others eat tiny bits of plankton（浮游动物） and small animal

15、s from the water as they swim with open mouths. They eat huge amounts of these tiny animals and plants.BSharks Attacks/BWhen some sharks （like the Great White or the Gray Reef shark） turn aggressive prior to an attack, they arch their back and throw back their head. They also move their tail more ac

16、utely （probably in preparation for a chase）.Sharks do not normally attack people, and only about 25 species of sharks are known to attack people. Sharks attack fewer than 100 people each year. Many more people are killed by bees or lightning.The sharks that are the most dangerous to people are the g

17、reat white shark, the tiger shark, the bull shark, and the oceanic white tip shark. The bull shark is the most frequent attacker of people as it swims in very shallow waters where people swim and is a very plentiful shark. Some of the other sharks that are known to have attacked people include the g

18、ray shark, blue shark, hammerhead shark, mako shark, nurse shark, lemon shark, black tip reef shark, wobbegongs, sandtiger, spitting sharks, and the porbeagle. Some people believe that sharks mistake people （especially people swimming on surf boards） for seals and sea lions, some of their favorite f

19、oods.Occasionally, a group of sharks will attack a food source （for example, a school of fish） in a maniacal fashion. They will wildly attack the food and anything in the area, even each other, sometimes wounding or eating fellow sharks.BHabitat/BSharks live in oceans and seas all over the world, an

20、d even in some rivers and lakes, especially in warmer waters. Some sharks live near the surface, some live deep in the water, and others live on or near the ocean floor. Pelagic（远洋的） sharks （living in the open ocean） include the great white shark, the basking shark, etc. Benthic sharks （living at th

21、e ocean floor） include the zebra horn shark, the wobbegongs, and the angelshark, which usually have flattened, camouflaged（伪装的） bodies that let them hide in the sea bed. Some sharks even venture many miles up into the fresh water of rivers like the Mississippi in the USA and the Amazon in Brazil. Th

22、e bull shark （Carcharhinus leucas） sometimes ventures into fresh water.BMigration of Sharks/BSome sharks live in relatively warm waters （hammerheads, bull sharks, and tiger sharks）. Other sharks, such as the thresher, mako, basking and blue shark, live in temperate water （which is neither hot nor co

23、ld）. Others, including the dogfish, Greenland, and goblin, live in cool waters. Some sharks stay in the same region in their entire lives while others travel across oceans. There are three different types of sharks when it comes to migratory（迁移的） patterns: Local sharks, coastal pelagic sharks, and h

24、ighly pelagic sharks. Local sharks do not migrate, and range only about a hundred miles from their habitat, coastal pelagic sharks can migrate over 1,000 miles, while highly pelagic sharks migrate across oceans.BEvolution of Sharks/BSharks have existed for over 350 million years. They evolved over 1

25、00 million years before the dinosaurs did. This was long before people evolved. Most fossil evidence of early sharks is from fossilized teeth and a few skin impressions. Cladodonts, primitive sharks, had double- pointed teeth, were up to 6 feet long and lived about 360 million years ago; they ate fi

26、sh and crustaceans（甲壳类）.Megalodon was an ancient, meat-eating shark, living between 25 - 1.6 million years ago; it is extinct. It was over 40 feet long, but this is only an estimate from fossil teeth that have been found. Its teeth resemble those of the great white shark but are almost 3 times large

27、r; these teeth are each the size of a persons hand!（1）.What is the main idea of the passage?7.00）A.The passage tells us the habitat and migration of sharks.B.The passage tells us why sharks are dangerous to people.C.The passage introduces the evolutional process of sharks.D.The passage introduces th

28、e basic information about sharks.题眼寻踪 What is the Umain idea/U of the passage? 原文定位 文章首句和各个小标题。 答案详解 题目问的是文章的大意，通过快速浏览文章的小标题，不难发现，文章介绍鲨鱼的大小、种类、外形、牙齿等基本信息。（2）.Different from most fishes, sharks body is upheld by _.（分数：A.bonesB.cartilageC.fiberD.skeleton题眼寻踪 Different from most fish，Usharks body/U is

29、upheld by_. 原文定位 在Sharks and Bony Fish标题下第一句：Unlike bony fish，sharks have no bones； their skeleton is made of cartilage（软骨），which is a tough，fibrous substance， not nearly as hard as bone 答案详解 显然和其他鱼不同的是，鲨鱼没有骨头（bones），其骨架是由软骨（cartilage）构成的。（3）.Which of the following description about the size of shar

30、ks is TRUE?A.Most sharks are about the same size as human beings.B.Sharks are the largest fish; most of them are bigger than buses.C.Most sharks are much longer than human beings.D.Sharks are big animals; most of them are about 50 feet long.题眼寻踪 Which of the following description about Uthe size of

31、sharks/U is TRUE? 原文定位 在Size标题下倒数第二句提到：Most sharks are intermediate in size，and are about the same size as people，5-7 feet long 答案详解 大部分鲨鱼尺寸中等，5-7英尺长，和人的身高差不多。（4）.Which of the following sharks is the most common sharks?A.The whale shark.B.The spiny dogfish shark.C.The basking shark.D.The great white shark.题眼寻踪 Which of he f