高考英语一轮复习Unit12CultureShock讲义北师大必修4Word格式.docx

1、12custom_ n. 习俗，风俗13manners_ n纵联1 礼貌14stare vi. 凝视，盯着看15splendid adj. 极佳的，非常好的；壮观的16outgoing adj. 友好的，乐于交友的17tasty adj. 美味的18spoken adj. 口头的19reasonable adj.纵联2 合理的，正当的20cautious adj.纵联3 小心翼翼的，谨慎的.拓展单词通其变1addition n相加；增加物additional adj.补充的，额外的，附加的add v补充2apology n道歉，认错apologize v道歉，谢罪3expectation n期

2、待的事物，预期expect vt.期待，预料；指望expected adj.预期的，预料的4majority n大半，大多数major adj.主要的 vi.主修5movement n动作；活动move v移动；感动movable adj.可移动的moving adj.令人感动的6curiously adv.好奇地；奇怪地curious adj.好奇的curiosity n好奇心7informal adj.非正式的formal adj.正式的8injure vt.伤害injury n伤害，损害injured adj.受伤的9educator n教育者education n教育educated

3、adj.有教养的educate vt.教育10arrival n到达，抵达arrive vi.到达纵联1.单复数含义不同的名词 纵联2.“able”后缀形容词荟萃reliable可信赖的；可靠的 adjustable可调节的fashionable时尚的；时髦的 reasonable合理的adaptable适合的；能适应的 reasonable合理的，正当的sociable随和的，好交际的 acceptable可接受的纵联3.归纳“ious”结尾的形容词harmonious和谐的 anxious焦虑的religious宗教的 various各种各样的cautious谨慎的单元话题文化影响子话题1

4、种种文化local culture 本土文化cultural treasures 文化宝藏humane historical relics 人文历史遗址value of knowledge 知识的价值crosscultural communication 跨文化交流spiritual civilization 精神文明cultural devolution 文化退化cultural insights 文化视角intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产子话题2四大发明gunpower火药 compass 指南针papermaking technique 造纸术pap

5、erprinting technique 印刷术子话题3教育部门graduate school 研究生院kindergarten 幼儿园Confucius Institute 孔子学院secondary education 中等教育adult education 成人教育open admission 免试入学制universal education 普及教育学考对接活学活用高考采撷（一）阅读中的词汇应用1（2014浙江高考阅读B）The Swiss tend to be and address each other last name. They also are respectful of

6、private lives. You should be careful not to ask about personal topics. Punctuality （守时） is vital, something that comes from a deep respect for others time. Arrive at any meeting or event a few minutes early to be safe.处应填介词：by写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：cautious写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：arrival2（2012新课标全国卷阅读B）Once it has th

7、eir attention, it flies through the forest, waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them the nest. When they finally arrive at the nest, the follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.totasty写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：stare3（2011江苏高考任务

8、型阅读）Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader t

9、o express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason.写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：apology写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：expectation写出加黑词在本单元的形容词：reasonable高考采撷（二）写作中的词汇应用（根据汉语及提示词翻译句子）1（2018全国卷书面表达）遵守当地风俗是有礼貌的表现。一般来说，你应该准时到达。（custom, arrival）It_is_polite_for_you_to_obey_the_local_custom._Generally_speaking,_your_arrival_sh

10、ould_be_on_time.2（2018浙江高考书面表达）我学习英语已经10年了，我能说一口流利的英语，并且我性格外向、乐于与他人交流。（spoken, outgoing）Ive_learned_English_for_10_years,_and_my_spoken_English_is_fluent._What_is_more,_Im_outgoing_and_ready_to_communicate_with_others.3（2017全国卷书面表达）在这个展览中，你能看到各种形式的极美的剪纸。除此之外，还有著名的艺术家当场展示如何剪纸。（splendid, addition）In_t

11、his_exhibition,_you_can_see_splendid_papercutting_with_all_kinds_of_patterns._In_addition,_there_are_famous_artists_who_will_perform_how_to_cut_paper_on_the_spot. （二）课堂重点释疑1owe vt.欠（情、债等）；归功于记牢owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb. 欠某人某物owe . to . 把归功于；归因于owing to 因为；由于owe it to sb. that . 多亏了某人练通 单句语法填空These ea

12、rly settlers owed their survival_to hard work and determination to succeed.I owe it to you that I finished my work ahead of time.Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours. 句型转换The country owes foreign countries billions of dollars because of the financial crisis.The coun

13、try owes billions of dollars to foreign countries because of the financial crisis.用准 如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句，可使用it作形式宾语，将充当真正宾语的动词不定式或名词性从句放在句尾。写美（2018江苏高考书面表达）我们把排名的提高归功于产品和服务上。We_owe_it_to_the_products_or_services_that_good_ratings_increase.2absorb vt.吸收；理解；使专心；使全神贯注；掌握（1）absorb sb.s attention to （do

14、ing） sth. 吸引某人对（做）某事的注意力absorb . into . 把吸收到/并入（2）be absorbed by/into . 被吞并；为所吸收be absorbed in （doing） sth. 全神贯注于/热衷于/一心从事某事Certain chemicals are easily absorbed into the bloodstream, while others are not.Absorbed （absorb） in painting, Mary didnt notice evening approaching.Most little shops have bee

15、n absorbed by/into big businesses. 完成句子He was_absorbed_in_the books after borrowing them from a bookshop.从书店借来书之后，他便沉浸在这些书中。The first Chinese woman astronaut Liu Yang absorbed_the_whole_worlds_attention.第一位中国女宇航员刘洋吸引了全世界的注意力。（2015福建高考书面表达）一缕光线从墙上的一个小孔穿过，他（借助灯光）全神贯注地读书。A_weak_ray_of_light_came_in_thr

16、ough_a_small_hole_in_the_wall_and_he_was_absorbed_in_his_reading.联想 （1）表示“吸引某人注意（力）”的短语还有：draw/attract ones attentioncatch ones attention/eyes（2）表示“专心于”的短语还有：be lost/buried inbe devoted to3familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的sb.be familiar with sth. 某人对某物熟悉sth.be familiar to sb.sth.be known to sb. 某物为某人所熟悉练通单句语法填空/

17、完成句子Ive just come here. Im still not familiar with the work.This old song is familiar to those Chinese people who lived in the 1960s.I was_so_familiar_with_him that I recognized his voice instantly I picked up the phone.我对他是如此的熟悉以至于我一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。用准be familiar with主语一般是有生命的人，意为“某人对人/事熟悉”be familiar

18、to主语一般是无生命的事物，意为“某事为某人所熟悉”（2018北京高考书面表达）你最好提前学习基础汉语。只有用这种方式，你才能熟悉北京的生活。Youd_better_learn_some_basic_Chinese_ahead_of_time._Only_in_this_way_can_you_get_familiar_with_the_life_in_Beijing.4attach vt.系，固定；附上，贴上；喜欢，依恋（1）attach . to . 把固定到/附/贴在上attach importance/significance/value to 认为重要/有意义/有价值attach o

19、neself to sb. 与某人在一起；缠着某人（2）attached adj. 依恋的；附加的（be） attached to 附属于；依恋It is high time that the country should attach importance to energy saving and environment protection.A young man attached himself （he） to me at the party and I couldnt get rid of him.Father asked me to attach a stamp to the env

20、elope and mail it.Attach_a_recent_photo_to_your application form.请在申请表上贴一张近照。Dont attach_too_much_importance_to this report.不要过于看重这份报告。The research unit is_attached_to_the university.这个研究机构附属于这所大学。（2017天津高考书面表达）为了成为第十三届全运会的志愿者，我提前做了很多我认为重要的准备。To_get_admitted_as_a_volunteer_for_the_13th_National_Game

21、s,_I_have_made_many_preparations_I_attach_importance_to_in_advance.5request n& vt.请求，要求（1）make a request for . 请求，要求at sb.s requestat the request of sb. 应某人的要求（2）request sb.（not） to do sth. 请求某人（不）做某事request sth.from/of sb. 向某人请求某物request （that） . 请求It is/was requested that . 据要求At_the request of ma

22、yor, he made a speech on the square.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The Police Committee requested a grant from the Government to cover the extra expense. 一句多译老板要求我们不要在办公室里吸烟。The_boss_requested_us_not_to_smoke_in_the_office.（request sb

23、. not to do）The_boss_requested_that_we_（should）_not_smoke_in_the_office. （request that）It_was_requested_that_we_（should）_not_smoke_in_the_office.（It is/was requested that）用准在与request相关的名词性从句或“It is/was requested that .”句型中，从句谓语动词用“shoulddo”表示虚拟语气，should可以省略。（2018全国卷书面表达）要求两个队每天训练两个小时并且定期参加比赛。It_is_r

24、equested_that_both_teams_train_for_two_hours_a_day_and_participate_in_competitions_regularly.6exchange vt.兑换，交换 n兑换，交换 （1）exchange sth.for sth. 以某物交换某物exchange sth.with sb. 与某人交换某物（2）make an exchange 交换in exchange for sth. 交换某物I will make the best of the opportunity to exchange ideas with them.I am

25、going to travel abroad, so I go to exchange some RMB for dollars in the bank.Ill type your report if youll babysit to make an exchange.他用一个苹果换我一块蛋糕。He gave me an apple in_exchange_for a piece of cake.He exchanged_an_apple_with_me_for a piece of cake.（2014天津高考书面表达）得知你下学期作为一名交流生来我们学校我非常高兴。m_very_happy

26、_to_learn_that_you_will_come_to_our_school_next_term_as_an_exchange_student._7majority n大半，大多数（1）a/the majority of的大多数in a/the majority 占大多数by/with a majority of 以多数票（2）minority n. 少数in the minority 占少数（3）“a/the majority of名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。the majority作主语时，谓语动词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。At present, i

27、n the teaching profession, women are in a/the majority.The majority is/are （be） in favour of the proposal that we should save water in our daily life.The majority of astronauts from America have_been （be）men in the last few years. The white are_in_the_majority in Australia while the native people in_the_minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而原住民反而占少数。The_majority_of_the_damage is easy to repair.大部分的损失很容易补救。（2016四川高考书面表达）正像我一样，大部分人认为夏天比其他三个季节有趣。Just_like_me,_the_majority_think_summer_is_certainly_more_interesting_than_the_other_three_seasons.8bear vi.& vt.（bore, borne/born）容忍，忍受；承担（责任）；支撑；承受；生育；出生；结（果实）；携带