报警管理原则Word下载.docx

1、ENGLISH LANGUAGE IS THE ORIGINAL LANGUAGE AND IF INCONSISTENCIES EXIST BETWEEN ENGLISH AND CHINESE VERSIONS, THE ENGLISH VERSION TAKES PRECEDENCE AND THE ENGLISH VERSION IS THE LEGALLY BINDING VERSION.原本以英文书就，如果英文和中文版本之间存在不一致，以英文版本为准，英文版本具有法律约束力。R00ReviewGZS6/12/06TDMB10/02/07Issue Rev发布修订Issue or R

2、evision Description发布或修改情况Origin by原作者Date日期Check by审核人ApprovedBy批准人Approve by批准人This Document is Owned by本文件持有者Gao ZishuIPMT AuthorityIPMT授权批准Hard Copies are Uncontrolled硬拷贝为非受控文件alarm management philosophyTABLE OF CONTENTS1.0 Purpose of document 文件目的2.0 Introduction 引言3.0 basic alarm philosophy 基本

3、报警原则3.1 Role of Alarm System 报警系统职能3.2 Alarm Definition 报警定义4.0 Determination of alarm priority 报警优先值确定4.1 Alarm Priority 报警优先值4.2 Dimensions of Priority 优先值尺度4.2.1 Severity of Risk （Consequences of Failure to Respond）4.2.2 Urgency 紧迫性5.0 alarm management 报警管理5.1 Responsibilities 责任5.2 Alarm Schedul

4、e 报警表5.3 Timing 计时5.4 Management of Change 变更管理5.5 Display of Alarms 报警显示5.6 Alarm Handling 报警处理5.6.1 Alarm Grouping 报警分类5.6.2 Alarm Shelving 报警搁置5.6.3 Dynamic Alarm Management 动态报警管理5.6.4 Alarm Masking 报警掩蔽5.7 alarm audit and continuous improvement 报警审查及连续改进5.8 testing of alarms 报警测试6.0 Alarm Perfo

5、rmance 报警性能Appendix A. Responsibilities 附件A 责任Appendix B. AssESSMENT OF CONSEQUENCES 附件B 后果评估1.0Purpose of document 文件目的This document defines the philosophy applicable for the management of all process plant alarms within the Ningxia Coal based Propylene Project （NCPP） alarms are defined as any alar

6、m which the DCS operator is required to respond to. Therefore these alarms include equipment status and maintenance alarms as well as process-related alarms.此文件用于说明宁夏煤基烯烃项目所有工艺装置报警设施的管理原则。工艺装置报警被定义为要求DCS操作人员做出响应的任何报警，因此包括设备状态及维修报警和相关工艺报警。This document is consistent with industry best practice as cap

7、tured in EEMUA Publication 191 （Alarm Systemsa Guide to Design, Management and Procurement ISBN 0 85931 076 0）.此文件符合EEMUA Publication 191（报警系统设计、管理及采购指导 ISBN 0 85931 076 0，）中所编汇的所有最佳工业惯例。This document does not specifically refer to hardwired annunciator panels.此文件并不专指硬连线报警盘。This document defines:此文件

8、对以下内容做出了说明：the role of alarms and the criteria for selection of alarm priority报警设施职能及报警优先值选定responsibilities associated with the process of alarm management与报警管理流程相关的职责the level of documentation provided for each alarm 针对每次报警提供的文件级management of change associated with alarms 报警变更管理alarm handling usin

9、g the standard tools of the alarm system.利用标准报警系统工具处理报警情况mechanisms for continuous improvement and target performance levels连续改进及目标性能等级机制2.0Introduction 引言The subject of alarm handling has been the focus of much attention in recent years, with a number of high profile industrial accidents around the

10、 world being linked to poor alarm management. Long lists of standing alarms during normal operation and floods of alarms during plant upset are commonly associated with the modern Distributed Control System （DCS）, and are known to contribute to operator stress, unnecessary production loss and reduce

11、d plant safety.报警处理课题一直是近年关注的焦点，世界上发生的多种工业事故与报警管理不当有关，正常操作过程中报警设施繁多、装置发生扰动时又到处充斥报警，这往往与现代集散控制系统有关，而且会给操作人员造成压力，导致不必要的生产损失，并降低装置安全性。It has been observed that “an Alarm Philosophy is the critical success factor for alarm improvement” and this document defines such a philosophy. 不过通过观察已经注意到：“实施报警原则是改进报

12、警现状的关键成功因素”，在此文件中将对此原则做出说明： This document covers only the annunciation of key events to the operator; it does not cover signals derived for automatic functions （e.g. inputs to the SIS, interlock functions, sequence messages） or the control of set points associated with these. Only the annunciation o

13、f these events as alarms to the control room operator is covered within the scope of this document, including the features uniquely associated with this annunciation process.此文件仅涉及关键事件的报警，并不涉及自动功能发出的信号（如，SIS输入、联锁功能、顺序信息等），或与此有关的设定点控制内容。因此此文件仅述及向控制室操作人员发送的报警情况，包括仅与此报警过程相关的个性特征等。3.0basic alarm philoso

14、phy 基本报警原则3.1Role of Alarm System 报警系统职能Alarms are not a substitute for the Control Room Operators surveillance of plant operations.报警不能取代控制室操作人员对装置操作的监控The role of the alarm system is to assist the Control Room Operator in detecting process/system problems that require his attention and prioritizin

15、g his response. A secondary role is to capture information for use off-line by others to support maintenance activities and post-incident investigation. 报警系统的职能是：协助控制室操作人员发现工艺/系统问题以引起其注意并优先作出响应。其次是为其他人员采集离线信息以支持维修工作及事故的事后调查工作。3.2Alarm Definition 报警定义Whilst most process or system disturbances can be

16、adequately handled by the control system without human intervention,不需人为介入，即可完全通过控制系统处理解决大多数工艺或系统干扰情况。An alarm is advice to the Control Room Operator that timely action is required.报警设施可用于提醒控制室操作人员需立即采取对应行动。The alarm can warn of excursion beyond:通过报警可对以下偏离情况发出警告:An operational process limit （process

17、 measurement threshold, calculated variable, etc.）工艺操作限值（工艺计量阈值、计算变量等）A material limit （power consumption, machine vibration, etc.） 材料限值（电力消耗、机器振动等）An environmental limit （detectors for H2S, SO2 or fire, etc.）.环境限值（H2S、SO2或火探测器等）This action begins but does not end with pressing the acknowledge key.

18、It must be:本动作开始后，即使按下“确认”（ acknowledge）键动作也不会停止，这肯定：Substantive i.e. the necessary action can be defined, albeit conditional on the state of the process at the time是真实必然的即，发生此动作是必要的，即使当时的工艺状态取决于某种条件情况。Specific to the Control Room Operator - even though the Control Room Operator by himself may not b

19、e able to carry out all the actions necessary to return the associated variable to its normal （i.e. non-alarm） condition （for example the Control Room Operator action may be to raise a maintenance request which is then followed up by others under separate procedures）. If there is no Control Room Ope

20、rator action at all then there should be no alarm annunciated to the Control Room Operator.专为控制室操作人员执行尽管控制室操作人员并不能采取所有必要行动使相关变量恢复到正常状态（即，非报警状态）（例如，控制室操作人员可提出维修要求然后再由其他人员按独立工作流程实施后续工作），但如果他们不采取任何行动，则此后便不再向他们发出任何报警。In need of timely response i.e. there should be a definable potential consequence if no

21、 action is taken, for example within five minutes or within two hours. 须立即做出响应如果在，比如说5分钟或2小时内不采取任何行动，则势必会造成某种潜在后果。The types of action that the Control Room Operator needs to take following an alarm are many and varied. Most of them will involve some use of the control system, and may include:接到报警后，控

22、制室操作人员需采取的行动多种多样且各有差异。大多数行动会涉及采用控制系统，而且可能包括：Adjusting a process variable 调整工艺变量Radioing an outside worker to take an action通过无线电设备通知控制室外工人采取行动Shutting down a piece of equipment 停止某设备的操作运行Checking the reading of an instrument 检查仪表读数Calling out the emergency services 要求紧急服务Starting a standby equipment

23、 启动备用设备Monitoring certain process parameters 监控某些工艺参数Logging a maintenance request. 提出维修要求The annunciation to the Control Room Operator of alarms that do not meet the criteria of this alarm definition distracts him from his main task, particularly during an upset. The presence of many such alarms co

24、uld be a potential hazard, since they can lead to the Control Room Operator overlooking an important alarm. Whilst the Control Room Operator must have ready access to other plant status information, messages and reports through his displays, he does not need to take any timely action, and thus does

25、not require it to be drawn to his attention.向控制室操作人员发出的报警，如果不符合此报警定义标准会造成控制室操作人员离开其所承担的主要任务，尤其在工艺发生混乱期间。发生多种此类报警时可能会带来潜在危害，因为这会使控制室操作人员忽视重要报警情况。尽管控制室操作人员已可能通过显示器读取到其它装置的运行状态情况、信息及报告，但他大可不必立即采取行动，也不需分散其注意力。4.0Determination of alarm priority 报警优先值确定As part of the creation of the Alarm Schedule each al

26、arm needs to be assigned a priority: Emergency, High or Low. 作为报警表中的创造性内容，每一报警需配一优先值：紧急、高位或低位。4.1Alarm Priority 报警优先值The purpose of priority （Emergency/High/Low） is to make it easier for the operator to identify an important alarm, when a number occur together. Priorities should be assigned in the a

27、pproximate ratios shown below:设报警优先值（紧急、高位或低位）旨在便于让操作人员根据一同出现的数值鉴别报警的重要级。优先值应按以下约计比率分配：Emergency No more than 20 total per console operator紧急 每位控制台操作人员总数不超过20High高位 20% of total 总数的20%Low低位 80% of total 总数的80%The control room operator should respond to all alarms when they are annunciated, regardles

28、s of priority.发生报警时，不管优先值大小如何，控制室操作人员均应对所有报警做出响应。The following sections describe the method of identifying priority.以下各节将对优先值鉴别方法做出说明。4.2Dimensions of Priority 优先值尺度The priority of an alarm is determined on the basis of two dimensions: Severity of Risk and Urgency. Table 1 can be used to identify th

29、e priority based on the severity and required time to respond.报警优先值确定尺度有二：风险严重性及紧迫性。表1可用于按照严重程度及所需响应时间对优先级做出鉴别。4.2.1Severity of Risk （Consequences of Failure to Respond）风险严重性（未响应造成的后果）If the operator does not deal with the alarm effectively, the consequence of the potential hazard can be Critical, Large, Medium or Small. （The four types of consequence are more fully defined in Appendix B）如果操作人员不能对报警做出有效处理，则潜在危害后果可分为：临界、大、中或小四种情形（在附件C中将对该四种情形作充分说明）Critical （risk of injury or serious impact on whole plant）临界（伤害风险或对整个装置有严重影响）Large （possibility of injury or significant impact on whole p