常用国际法词汇文档格式.docx

1、judicial decisions 司法判例The teachings/writings of publicists 公法学家学说Contractual treaty 契约性条约Law-making treaty 造法性条约Application of IL 国际法的适用The relationship between international and domestic/ municipal law国际法与国内法的关系Monism 一元论Dualism 二元论adoption/incorporation采纳/纳入transformation转化（把国际法规则内容制定为国内法规则）国际法的基

2、本原则Fundamental principles of international lawjus cogens强行法，亦称强制规律peremptory norm Sovereignty主权Principle of sovereign equality主权平等原则principle of non-intervention不干内政原则internal affairs内政matters within domestic jurisdiction国内管辖之事件Humanitarian intervention “人道主义”干涉Principle of self-determination民族自决原则T

3、he subjects of international law国际法主体International personality国际人格者Permanent population固定的居民Defined territory 确定的领土Government 政府Unitary state 单一国Composite states/union of states复合国/国家的联合Dependent country 附属国Federation 联邦Confederation 联邦Permanent neutralized state永久中立国British Commonwealth of Nations英

4、联邦French Community法兰西共同体Vassal state 附庸国Suzerain state 宗主国Protected/protecting stateFUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF STATES国家的基本权利Right of independence 独立权Right of equality 平等权Right of self-defense 自卫权Right of self-preservation自保权Right of jurisdiction 管辖权Territorial jurisdiction /jurisdiction based on residenc

5、e领域管辖/属地管辖 Personal jurisdiction/jurisdiction based on citizenship 属人管辖/国籍管辖 Protective jurisdiction 保护性管辖Universal jurisdiction 普遍管辖State immunity 国家豁免权par in parem non habet imperium拉丁语，“平等者之间无管辖权”The doctrine of absolute immunity绝对豁免原则The doctrine of relative or restrictive immunity 相对豁免原则 RECOGN

6、ITION AND SUCCESSIONrecognition of states and governments国家和政府的承认 States succession 国家继承territorial change 领土变更Unconstitutional regime change不合宪法的政权更迭Constitutive theory 构成说Declaratory theory 宣告说De jure recognition 法律上承认De facto recognition 事实上承认Effective control 有效统治Principle of effectiveness 有效统治原

7、则doctrine of non- recognition不承认主义，如，史汀生主义（the Stimson doctrine ）Estrada doctrine 艾斯特拉达主义墨西哥的实践Recognition of national liberation movement民族解放运动组织的承认Insurgent body 叛乱团体 Belligerent body 交战团体 Personal treaty 人身条约dispositive/non-personal treaties非人身条约The clean s/plate rule 白板规则State property 国家财产 Stat

8、e debt 国家债务Localized state debt 地方化债务malicious debt“恶债”State archives 国家档案国际法律责任 responsibility in international lawInternationally wrongful acts 国际不法行为international crimes国际罪行subjective responsibility主观责任说objective responsibility客观责任说Imputability/attributability可归责性或可归因性limitations of sovereignty限制

9、主权restitution恢复原状compensation赔偿apology道歉liability for acts of international damage 国际损害行为的责任 activities not prohibited by international law 国际法不加禁止行为state territory 国家领土Territory 领土territorial sovereignty 领土主权the acquisition and change of territory领土的取得与变更Occupation先占Terra nullius无主地Effective occupa

10、tion有效占领Prescription时效Accretion添附Cession割让Conquest征服Plebiscite/referendum全民投票，又称全民公决Self-determination of peoples民族自决condominium 共管 lease租借Sphere of influence势力范围International servitude国际地役Boundary and frontier 边界与边境Antarctic Treaty System “南极条约体系”The sector principle 扇形原则The law of the sea 海洋法The U

11、N Convention on the Law of the Sea 联合国海洋法公约 Territorial sea领海Normal baseline正常基线，亦称“低潮线”the low water lineStraight baseline 直线基线Innocent passage无害通过Contiguous Zone 毗连区Exclusive economic zone 专属经济区（EEZ ）Continental shelf 大陆架Transit passage过境通行Internationalstraits国际海峡Archipelagic waters群岛水域Archipelagi

12、c baselines群岛基线freedom of the high seas公海自由Flags of convenience 方便旗Piracy海盗，海盗行为Right of visit登临权Right of hot pursuit 紧追权International seabed area国际海底区域Common heritage of mankind人类共同继承财产The parallel exploitation regime“平行开发制”International Seabed Authority 国际海底管理局International air law国际航空法Air space空气

13、空间Sovereignty of territorial airspace 领空主权Stateaircraft国家航空器Civil aircraft民用航空器Scheduled flight定期飞行即航班飞行Non- scheduled flight不定期飞行即非航班飞行Hijacking空中劫持either extradition or prosecution principle 或引渡或起诉Outer Space Law 外层空间法Outer space 外空Spacecraft航天器Space Objects 空间物体Registration system登记制度The principl

14、e of strict liability严格责任原则The principle of liabilityfault过失责任原则Residents of international law国际法上的居民Nationality国籍Original nationality固有国籍或原始国籍Jus sanguinis血统主义Jus soli出生地主义Acquired nationality继有国籍Naturalization入籍，旧称归化Double nationality双重国籍Conflict of nationality国籍的抵触/冲突Statelessness无国籍Diplomatic pr

15、otection外交保护Exhaustion of local remendies用尽当地救济Passport护照 Visa签证National treatment国民待遇Most-favored- nation- treatment最惠国待遇Differential treatment差别待遇Reciprocal treatment 互惠待遇Preferentialtreatment优惠待遇Extradition引渡Non-extradition of political offender政治犯不引渡Asylum庇护Political refuge政治避难Territorial asylum

16、域内庇护，亦称“领土庇护”Extraterritorial asylum 域外庇护Diplomatic asylum“外交庇护”Refugee identity难民身份Principle of non-refoulement不推回原则Diplomatic and Consular Relations Law外交和领事关系法Diplomatic relations 外交关系Consul领事Consular relations领事关系Mission/embassy使馆The head of the mission使馆馆长Ambassador大使Minister 公使charg daffaires

17、（法）代办Persona non grata （拉）“不受欢迎的人”Unacceptable person“不可接受的人”diplomatic privileges and immunities外交特权与豁免Theory of extra-territorial jurisdiction 治外法权说Theory of personal representation代表说Theory of functional necessity职务需要说Diplomatic Corps外交团Special Missions特别使团Consular Privileges and Immunities领事特权与豁

18、免THE LAW OF TREATIES国际条约法Bilateral treaties双边条约Multilateral treaties多边条约Law-making treaty造法性条约Contractual treaty契约性条约convention公/专约 treaty条约agreement 协定 charter宪章covenant ,statute 盟约、规约（general/final） act （总/最后）文件（additional/final ）protocol（附加/最后）议定书exchange of notes 换文memorandum of understanding谅解备

19、忘录declaration 宣言joint declaration/statement 联合声明joint communique 联合公报constitution 组织章程arrangement 补充协定treaty-making capacity 缔约能力treaty-making power 缔约权conclusion and entry into force of treaties条约的缔结和生效negotiation 谈判 initiating草签authentication 认证（full） signature 签署sanction of treaty 核准ratification,

20、 acceptance, approval批准、接受、赞同full representative全权代表full power 全权证书accession 加入reservation 保留pacta sunt servanda 约定必须信守（拉丁）application and interpretation of treaties适用与解释条约amendment, termination, suspen-sion of operation 条约的修改、终止与停止执行 invalidity of treaties条约的无效amendment/modification修正/改provisional

21、application 暂时适用material breach 重大违约fundamental change of circumstances 情势根本变更 PEACEFUL SETTLEMENT OF INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES国际争端法the principle of peaceful settlement of international disputes justiciable/non-justiciable dispute可裁判的/不可裁判的争端amicable/compulsive settlement和谐/强迫解决方法Political methods /leg

22、al methods of settlements政治/法律解决方法retortion 反报 reprisals 报复pacific blockade 平时封锁negotiation 谈判consultation 协商inquiry/investigation 调查good offices 斡旋mediation 调停conciliation 和解The Permanent Court of Arbitration 常设仲裁法院judicial settlement 司法解决Permanent Court of International Justice 国际常设法院International

23、 Court of Justice国际法院Independent judges独立法官Judge ad hoc“专案法官” 或“特别法官” （special judge） Contentious jurisdiction诉讼管辖权Advisory jurisdiction咨询管辖权Voluntary jurisdiction自愿管辖Conventional jurisdiction协定管辖Optional compulsory jurisdiction任意强制管辖Institution of proceedings起诉written/oral proceedings书面/口头程序memoria

24、l 诉状counter-memorial 反诉状regional agencies or arrangements区域机关和区域办法国际组织法League of Nations（国际联盟）United Nations（UN ）联合国The purposes and principles of the United Nations联合国的宗旨和原则Original/elective member创始/纳入成员Decision-making /votingsystem 决策/表决制度United Nations Charter联合国宪章the General Assembly联合国大会the Se

25、curity Council安全理事会Veto否决权the principle of unanimity of great powers大国一致原则Economic and Social Council经社理事会Trusteeship Council托管理事会Secretariat秘书处Secretary-General联合国秘书长Regional International Organizations区域性国际组织Specialized Agencies（联合国专门机构）The Collective Security System（联合国集体安全体制） The UN Peace-keepin

26、g Operations（联合国维和行动） 复习备考（仅供参考，不可押题！）常见名词： 属地管辖权 国际法不加禁止行为属人管辖权 无害通过 引渡 庇护过境通行 全权证书 造法性条约草签 添附 继有国籍人类共同继承财产 否决权 斡旋安理会国际法院 登临权 紧追权 平行开发制 协定管辖 任意强制管辖 思考题： 论国际法与国内法之间的关系。 你认为国际法效力的根据是什么？ 简述国家给予外国人待遇的标准。 概述使馆特权与豁免的内容。 请尽量列举联合国海洋法公约中规定的主要海域。 试述国际法院的管辖权。 你对五大国的“否决权”有何看法？ 简述国际海底区域的法律地位。 概述国际法上国家管辖权。 试比较毗连区、专属经济区和大陆架的法律地位。 联合国组织的宗旨有哪些？ 引渡的主要规则有哪些？ 请说明使馆的职务有哪些？ 试比较国家继承与政府继承的区别。 试述联合国在维持国际和平与安全方面的作用。 现代国际法是否绝对地禁止了国家使用武力？为什么？ 对联合国的未来你有何预测？你有什么好的改革设计？