中考英语复习课本知识整理八年级下 Unit6文档格式.docx

1、I have been skating since two hours ago.【课文解析】1. since的用法：（1）conj（引导时间状语从句，从句中常用过去时，主句用一般时态或完成时）自从以来；以后。egIt was years since l had seen her自从我见到她（到那时）又过去好几年了。his just a week since we arrived here我们到这儿刚好有一周了。（引起原因状语从句，通常置于句首）既然；因为Since he says so，it must be true既然他这么说，那一定是真的。（2）prep 自以来I have lived h

2、ere since childhood自小我就住在这儿。He hasnt been home sincel9931993年以来他还没有回过家。（3）adv（与完成时态连用）从那以后；后来egHe left the city in 1985 and has returned only once since他1985年离开这座城市，自那以后只回来过一次。以前（4）构成短语：ever since 从那以后（一直）long since 很久以前；早已2. since，from和for（1）from是介词，后接名词、动名词，表示事情的开始点，以from短语作状语时，句中的谓语动词可用一般现在、过去和将来

3、时，如： （4）stop sb.（from）doing sth. 表示“叫某人停止做某事，阻止某人做某事”。例如：What can stop me（my）going? 有什么能阻止我去呢?Nothing shall stop us from studying什么都不能阻止我们学习。5. have to do sth. 表示“不得不做某事”，指客观条件的“不得不”I have to finish the work by myself 我不得不自己完成这项工作。6. run out of 意为“从地方跑出来；用光” Class is overThe students run out of the

4、classroom 下课了，学生们从教室里冲了出课文解析1. How long have you been in class today? 你今天上了多长时间的课？（或你在课堂多长时间？）（1）how long “多长”或“多长时间”。对长度或时间段提问。- How long have you learned English? 你学英语多长时间了?- For two years. 两年了。（2）in class 在上课；在课堂上，其反义词为out of class “在课外”。We should read more books out of class. 我们在课外应该多读些书。I have

5、been in class for one hour. 我上了一个小时的课。（3）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。We shall expect you，by the way，dinner will be at eight我们正在等着你，还有晚饭是八点开。I was reading when the earthquake occurred，by the way，it was “The Last Day of Pompeii”地震发生时我在看书，顺便提一下，我看的是“庞培城的末日”。By the way，have you seen her lately? 顺便问一下，你近来见过她吗

6、?（2）名词hobby表示“爱好”是可数名词。Your hobby is reading 你的爱好是看书。One of my hobbies is astronomy 我的爱好之一是天文学。Plenty of men are excellent cooks as a hobby 很多男人菜做得好，只是作为一种爱好。6It made me think about differences in food cultures between China and western countries它使我想起了中国和西方国家在饮食文化方面的差异。（1）make 使役动词“使；让”，后面接不定式作宾语补足语

7、时，不带to，类似的还有let和have。He made the students laugh他把同学们逗笑了。The children must be made to clean their own room 必须叫孩子们打扫自己的房间。Aunt Li tried to make us stay for supper. 李大婶要留我们吃晚饭。（2）think about 考虑；回想，想起；认为think about a plan 考虑一项计划I always think about her when it snows每当下雪的时候，我总是想起她。What do you think about

8、 the film last night? 你认为昨晚的电影怎么样?He was thinking about the time he spent in the army他正在回想他在部队度过的日子。We need to think about the plan我们需要考虑一下这个计划。（3）介词between表示在二者之间There is a fence between his garden and our garden 在他的花园和我们的花园之间有一道栅栏。Youre to sit between Moira and me 你坐在莫伊娜和我之间。五.【词语辨析】1. every和each（

9、1）each一定数目中的“每一个”；“个别”意义较重，表示各有不同，更强调个人或个别。 eg Each one has his weakness 每人都有每人的弱点。（2）every数目不确定的许多人或物中间的“每一个”；“总合”意义较重，表示“大家一致”。 eg Every one of us is here 我们都到了。（3）each可作主语、同位语、定语和状语，而every只能作定语。2. interest，interesting与interested（1）interest作名词，意为“兴趣，趣味”，用作动词时指“使（人）产生兴趣”。 例如： He shows an interest i

10、n music 他对音乐感兴趣。 What you said interests me 你的话引起了我的兴趣。（2）interesting作形容词，指“有趣的，引起兴趣的”，可作表语或定语，指物或人本身能引起兴趣。 The film is very interesting 电影非常有趣。 He is an interesting man 他是一个有趣的人。（3）interested是由动词interest加-ed构成的形容词。意为“感兴趣的”，其主语一般是人，常用于begetbecome interested in结构中，表示“对感兴趣”。 When he was only a child，h

11、e got interested in science当他还是个孩子时，就对科学产生了兴趣。3. how long，how often 与 how soon（1）how long 的意思是“有多长”，用来提问有多长时间，答语通常是more than two weeks 等表示一段时间的话。 -How long are you going to stay here? 你打算在这里待多久? -Five days 5天。 -How long did he live in China? 他在中国住了多长时间? -More than two years 两年多。（2）how often的意思是“多长时间

12、一次”，用来提问在某一特定的时间内进行某个动作的次数，答语通常是never，sometimes，quite often，usually，three times a year等表示频度的副词或短语。 -How often do you go to the library? 你多长时间去一次图书馆? -Once a day 一天一次。（3）how soon用来询问“需要多长时间能，过多久”，谓语动词多用终止性动词，即某一动作要花多长时间才能完成或发生，常与将来时连用，答语常用in a weekmonthyear等。 -How soon can you finish the work? 你完成那项工

13、作还要多久? -May be in three days 大概3天后。 -How soon will he get here? 他到这儿需要多久? -In half an hour 半小时。4. have与must have to与must都有“必须”的意思，但有其不同之处：（1）have to有时态和人称变化，带有客观因素，意思是“不得不”；must无时态和人称变化，后面接不带to的不定式，带有主观因素，意思是“必须，一定”。 I have to go nowIts dark 我必须得走了。天已黑了。 I must go 我得走了。（2）must not表示“不许，一定不能”；dont ha

14、ve to表示“不必”。 You mustnt go now 你现在不许走。 You dont have to go so early 你不必走那么早。（3）Must I?的否定回答是No，you neednt或No，you dont have to -Must I stay here now? 我必须留在这吗? -NO，you needntyou dont have to 不，你不必。5. fairly与ratherfairly与rather同义但用法不同：fairly一般指（褒义的）理想的情形，rather一般指（贬义的）不太理想的情形。The weather is fairly fine

15、 today今天的天气相当好。The weather was rather bad yesterday昨天的天气相当不好。It is a fairly easy question这是一个相当容易的问题。（容易而适当）It is a rather easy question（大容易了而不适当）语法讲解：1. 现在完成进行时构成：肯定句：主语 + have / has been + doing否定句：主语+have/has+not+been+doing一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+been+doing?现在完成进行时表达“某一动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，有可能还要持续下去”，现在完成进行时

16、的句子中多用延续性动词，如：live，learn，study，work等。（1）I have been learning English for ten years. 我学英语已经十年了。（2）She has been skating for four hours. 到现在为止她滑冰已经有四个小时了。（3）I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old. 我从十岁起就一直在集邮。在这几个句子中，have和has是助动词，疑问形式需把助动词提前，否定形式在have或has后面加not，have not和has not可以分别缩写成h

17、avent和hasnt，如： （1）Have you been doing your homework since this morning? 从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧？（2）Has he been writing the letters to his friend? 他是一直在给他的朋友写信吗？（3）I havent been seeing films for a long time. 我有很长时间没有看电影了。 （表明没有看电影这个动作从过去一直持续到现在，还要继续持续下去。2.现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：（1）现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。

18、如： I have read a book about birds. （已经读完） I have been reading a book about birds.（一直都在读，现在还在读，有可能会继续读下去）（2）两种时态都有延续性， 但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复，有时有一定的感情色彩。 如： She has been singing all the day. 她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）【典型例题解析】例1 How long have you _? A. borrowed the book B. bought the

19、bike C. been back D. received the letter 解析 问句是现在完成时，而borrow, buy, receive, 是非延续动词，故选C。 答案 （C） 例2 Since Jim came to China, he _ a lot about Chinese history. A. has begun learning B. have been learned C. has been learning D. began to learn 解析 since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，在这四个选项中，只有C选项符合现在完成进行时的结构h

20、ave/has been +动词-ing 结构，其余三个既不符合现在完成时的结构也不符合现在完成进行时的结构。答案 （C）例3 _have you been here? Ive been here for months. A. How long B. How often C. How much D. How many正解 A错因分析 how often是指做事情的频率,对频率进行提问，而how long是对时间段提问，根据答句中的“for months”表示一段时间，故选A。例4 Im sorry, I dont know .Please ask _. A. someone else B. a

21、nyone else C. else anyone D. else someone正解 A错因分析 句意为：“对不起，我不知道，请问别人”。在肯定句中用someone，不用anyone，故排除B、C选项，又因为else修饰不定代词或疑问词时，else放在所修饰词的后面。故选A。例5（2008年铜仁）Is the woman over there Mrs. Chen?She has gone to Yuping. It _ be her.A. cant B. neednt C. wont D. wouldnt【析】本题考查情态动词表推测的用法。在肯定推测中用must，如果是否定推测时，就用can

22、t。答案 A单元测试题一、单项填空1There is_knocking at the doorGo and see who it isAnobody Bsomebody Canybody Deverybody2How is the weather today?Its_Asunny BSunday CJune 26 Dseven oclock3Would you please wait for the next bus? This one is_Afull Bempty Ctidy Dquiet4How long have you_the book?For a weekAborrowed Ble

23、nt Ckept Dbought5_a cold morning，I opened the window and was glad to find that it was snowing outsideABy BIn CAt DOn6E-mail is much_than long-distance callingAcheap Bcheaper Ccheapest Dthe cheapest7_you pass me a pen? Id like to write down the telephone numberANeed BCould CMust DShould8We_you are he

24、reWe looked for you everywhereAcant know Bdont know Cdidnt know Dwont know9Nobody could tell me the way because_people were there in the nightAfew Ba few Clittle Da little10Could you tell me_?Awhere does he live Bwhere lives heChe lives where Dwhere he lives11_you free last night?AWere BWas CAre DDo

25、12Well have a_holidayWhat about going to the Great Wall?Atwo days Btwo-day Ctwo-days Dtwo-days13The Internet_it easy to get much new information in a short timeAfinds Bmakes Cfeels Dtakes14She is too busy to help us finish the workLets do it_Aherself Bmyself Courselves Ditself15I dont know Sams tele

26、phone numberWill you please_in your address book?Alook at it Blook for it Clook up it Dlook it up二、完形填空Many years ago George Franks brother left a medical collegeThe young man worked in1nowHe had a lot of knowledge on medicine and often2sick peopleOf course he was paid3and lived a happy lifeFrank envied （羡慕） his brother very much and hoped to be a good4，tooHis father，an important person in their city，agreed to Franks5，but he knew the young man6in themiddle schoolHe had to help him7college and told