1、1) Cities do have some major cultural essence and can represent the society to certain extend. Like Beijing and Athens.2) Most cities are multi-cultural, and the traditional thing may be substituted by influx of fresh culture. New York, Shanghai, and Tokyo.3) To fully understand a society, a more ho
2、listic view must be taken. Study both the cities and the rural areas. 3. Educational institutions have a responsibility to dissuade students from pursuing fields of study in which they are unlikely to succeed.1) It is educational institutions responsibility to enable students to be qualified for fut
3、ure competition and help they form a comprehensive view about themselves as well as the field they want to enter.2) Whether it is likely to succeed involves various factors. Such as talent, interest, and perseverance.3) It is the students themselves to make the decision what to do in the future.4. S
4、candals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.1) Scandals do reveal some drawbacks of entertainment celebrities and political leaders. In this sense, scandals help inform the public.2) Motivated by profitability, small or even famous p
5、resses fabricate scandals in order to promote sales. If this is the case, scandal will confuse the public and defame those celebrities with thing they have never done.3) People should distinguish defaming from debunking before drawing any conclusion about whether scandals are useful or not.5. Claim:
6、 Governments must ensure that their major cities receive the financial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nations cultural traditions are preserved and generated.1) Major cities do need financial support in order to incite the economic development rather th
7、an preserve the traditions.2) It is equally possible that traditional essence will be found in rural area. People there are more pristine and preserve the custom better.3) Culture is representation of most of people in a society, so the fund should be invested to places where most people reside. Jud
8、ge by city or rural area is a false standard.6. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.1) It is true that certain courses are essential if the students want to further their education. For example, math, physics and computer.2) All
9、the same curriculum would somehow suppress the students interests and make them less motivated to learn.3) School should provide a combination of compulsory courses with selective courses.7. Some people believe that government funding of the arts is necessary to ensure that the arts can flourish and
10、 be available to all people. Others believe that government funding of the arts threatens the integrity of the arts.1) Art is never supposed to be accessible to all people because of its intrinsic nature of spiritual product.2) Money should be used for more important issue as hunger and access to cl
11、ean water.3) Government itself is not a proper entity to support art since art will be restrict and utilized for political purpose and lose its purity of aesthesis.8. Claim: in any field-business, education, politics, government-those in power should step down after five years. The surest path to su
12、ccess for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.1) Rotating-presidency is an efficient way to prevent corruption and incite competition among the potential leader which in turn ends up more productive.2) However rotating would impair the consistency within a government or company,
13、and this will undermine the policy durability and no long-term consideration will be available.3) It would be a favorable choice to make an eclectic choice. Implementing a strict supervision mechanism and evaluation system that guarantee that company function properly and suitable for creative ideas
14、.9. In any field of endeavor, it is impossible to make a significant contribution without first being strongly influenced by past achievements within that field.1) It is necessary to master the previous knowledge about a certain field in order to further its study and make significant contribution t
15、o that field. Like Newton, Bill Gates.2) However it is the preoccupied ideas that restrain our creative thinking and limit our innovation ability. Literature and design.3) There are some fields that pre-knowledge never ranks first on the priority list. Singing-talents role may appear more prominent.
16、10. Nations should pass laws to preserve any remaining wilderness areas in their natural state, even if these areas could be developed for economic gain.1) Human should bear some responsibility to preserve some of the nature habitat for wilderness. Conservatives for panda and Yellow Rock National Pa
17、rk.2) Extinction of wilderness areas and species could be explain away by Darwins Selection Theory that it is normal to have species disappear from this planet and people should not try to protect them in sacrifice of everything.3) Conservation and economic gain never mutually contradict each other.
18、 Establish Nature Park to stimulate tourism that benefits both nature and human.11. Peoples behavior is largely determined by forces not of their own making.1) Motivation. People could be motivated by numerous stimulations from human natural desire to moral and ethical sense.2) Regulation. Not all o
19、ur will are legitimate and we have to obey the rule as long as we are in this society. Want to do but cannot do.3) Obligation. Required to sate the responsibility and be a strong link in the social circle. Do not want to do but have to do.12. Government should offer a free university education to an
20、y student who has been admitted to a university but who cannot afford the tuition.1) It would be a favorable suggestion that students can obtain education without worry about the money they have to pay.2) Certain drawbacks are clear. How to define that who is qualified to acquire the support and tho
21、se in power may have the chance to manipulate the money so that those in need do not have the money.3) Money should be given to solve more crucial issue such as hunger and access to clean water.13. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses outside the students field of s
22、tudy.1) Having various knowledge about several subjects is conducive that inter-subject knowledge will help to broaden the horizon and improve working efficiency.2) Prepare them better for future careers since no career is single-related and a broad view will help them stand out.3) Whether or not to
23、 choose a variety of courses should be students own choice and it is universitys responsibility to provide them with diverse courses rather than command them to go.14. A nation should require all of its students to study the same national curriculum until they enter college.See 6.15. Educational ins
24、titutions should actively encourage students to choose fields of study that will prepare them for lucrative careers.1) It is reasonable to take earning ability into account when choosing the field of study. Family support, social status.2) Happiness is more important than money.3) Educational instit
25、ution should focus more on enabling students to be qualified for future competition and inculcating them knowledge rather than suggesting them what to do and what to be in the future.16. Some people believe that in order to be effective, political leaders must yield to public opinion and abandon pri
26、nciple for the sake of compromise. Others believe that the most essential quality of an effective leader is the ability to remain consistently committed to particular principles and objectives.1) Political leaders should remain on some of their judgment and implement the policy consistently. They kn
27、ow the information that cannot be exposed to public, so their decision is more likely to be farsighted.2) Yielding to public opinion may lead to decrease in working efficiency, because there will always be endless controversies.3) It is part of the leaders role to serve the public. In this sense, le
28、aders should take public opinion into consideration.17. Formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.1) Formal education is necessary because it enables most of the ordinary people to have access to knowledge. University education.2) Creative mind and innovation
29、 instinct will voluntarily make someone to acquire knowledge wherever possible. From mass media, from daily life.3) Formal education does not restrain us, but on the contrary, it establishes a sound foundation for further creation. 18. The well-being of a society is enhanced when many of its people
30、question authority.1) Being reasonably skeptic is conducive in helping society to develop. Because it provide different ideas from the orthodox and might incite creative thinking.2) Over-skeptic will impede the productivity and impair the trust among a society. Inter-individual relationship is undermined and upset the stability of society.3) Excessive skepticism may even contribute to commotion and upheaval which are devastating to a society and civilization. People will be
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