无刷电机的proteaus仿真.docx

1、无刷电机的proteaus仿真 无刷直流电动机的单片机控制与仿真设计总说明无刷电动机是一种用电子换向取代机械换向的新一代电动机，与传统的直流电动机相比，其具有过载能力强，低电压特性好，启动电流小等优点，同时由于采用了电子换向取代了机械换向，使电动机的使用寿命得到很大的提高，所以近年来在工业运用方面大有取代传统直流电动机的趋势，研究无刷直流电动机的驱动控制技术具有重要的实际应用价值。 无刷电动机是一个高阶次、多变量、不稳定、强耦合的非线性系统，对无刷电动机的控制难度要大大高于传统的直流电动机，所以在完善无刷直流电动机硬件的基础上，研究探索无刷电动机的控制算法，并把算法通过与嵌入式微处理器（MCU

2、）结合将算法应用到实际的控制系统中，这已成为当今电动机控制领域的一大热点。本设计硬件部分通过Proteus进行仿真，通过Proteus搭建无刷直流电动机转速控制系统的仿真平台。软件部分则以keil C51为开发环境，基于80C51的控制核心，主要用C语言进行编程。在实现了直流无刷电动机开环速度调节的基础上，引入闭环转速调节和PID控制策略，同时加入了按键检测以及转速显示，最后实现了对电动机的加速、减速、正反转等控制以及在消除速度误差及稳速方面做了积极地探索。最后为实际系统的设计提供了有效的理论实践基础。 在本次设计的核心是在以80C51芯片为控制单元的硬件基础同时采用位置式PID算法。每隔一定

3、的周期对无刷电动机的转速进行检测，然后利用AD转换器将采集到的转速信号经转换后变成实际的转速，利用静态LED显示单元将转速显示出来同时将此转速信号与设定目标作差，将差值输入PID控制器，经过PID控制算法的运算得到的结果作为控制信号，根据控制信号改变驱动无刷电机的逆变器的场效应管的导通时间和换向方式，从而使转速逐渐接近目标转速。本次设计的硬件基础是基于Proteus仿真平台搭建的。Proteus是著名的EDA工具，是目前唯一能将电路仿真软件，PCB设计软件和虚拟模型仿真三合一的实验平台，其不仅可以在虚拟环境中完成硬件电路的设计，还实现了从概念到产品的完整设计。其处理器模型支持51系列、AVR系

4、列、ARM系列等主流嵌入式处理器，在编译方面也支持keil C51、MATLAB等众多编译器。在进行进行仿真时支持实时调试，实现各种控制算法并观测输出结果，有助于降低开发成本和开发周期，提高设计效率。本次设计利用Proteus元件库所提供的硬件模型（主要有80C51、IR2101、74ls373、AD1674、MOSFET等）搭建了直流无刷电动机的驱动电路、转速检测电路、按键检测电路、以及转速显示电路。在结合Keil进行软件系统的开发，成功地实现了无刷直流电动机转速控制系统的仿真，同时利用Proteus提供的虚拟仪表观测了单片机输出的控制脉冲的波形、电动机各项的实际电压、转速输出的波形等直流无

5、刷电机的控制参数。Keil是51系列兼容单片机C语言的开发系统，C51在功能上，结构性，可读性，可维护性都远超汇编语言（ASM），由于ASM的编程需要过多的考虑到芯片内部的结构，所以缺乏可移植性，而且程序往往会变得很复杂。使用C51就能避免这些问题，借助丰富的库函数，C51能利用较少的代码实现诸如求正切这样复杂的函数，甚至能较轻松地编出复杂的嵌入式系统，而且易学易用。但是Keil提供了包括C编译器、宏汇编、连接器、库管理和功能强大的仿真调试器等在内的完整开发方案，通过集成开发环境，将这些部分组合在了一起。本次设计是在搭建出基本的硬件电路后，针对80C51进行软件模块化设计，依次完成了按键检测模

6、块、显示模块、电动机控制模块等，为了获得准确的延时时间，本系统的延时模块采用汇编语言编写，通过汇编语言与C语言的接口（API）实现对汇编语言函数的调用。关键词：无刷直流电动机；单片机；Proteus ；C51；PID；仿真；MCUcontrol and simulation of brushless DCmotorGeneral description of the designBrushless motor is a kind of electronic commutation instead of a new generation of mechanical commutation mot

7、or. Compared with the traditional DC motor, which has strong overload capacity, low voltage characteristics, starting current, etc., also the electronic commutation is used to replace the mechanical commutation, the service life of the motor has been greatly improved, so in recent years in industria

8、l utilization is the trend to replace the traditional DC motor, the no brush DC motor drive and control technology has important practical application value.However, brushless motor is a high-order, multivariable and unstable, nonlinear system with strong coupling, must not have the control difficul

9、ty of the brushless motor is much higher than that of the traditional DC motor, so in the perfect hardware of Brushless DC motor based on, study and explore the brushless electric machine control algorithm and the algorithm by bind to and embedded microcontroller unit (MCU) algorithm is applied to a

10、ctual control system, it has become a hot spot in the current motor control field.The design of the hardware part of the Proteus simulation by Proteus build no brush DC motor speed control system simulation platform.The software useskeilC51 as development environment,control corebased on 80C51,the m

11、ain use of Clanguage programming.In the realization of the of DC brushless motor speed regulation based, and joined the closed-loop speed control, position type PID control strategy is introduced, also joined the key detection and speed display, and finally to achieve the motor acceleration, deceler

12、ation, positive and negative rotation control and in the elimination of speed error and steady speed do active exploration.Finally,provides atheoretical and practical foundationfor the design of the actual systemeffectively.PID refers to theproportional integraldifferential control,is a linear combi

13、nation ofproportional,integral and differentialcontrol.In thesingle loop control system,the disturbance makes the controlledparameters deviate fromthe given value,resulting indeviation.Automatic control system of regulating unit will come from value, measurement of the transducer, and the given valu

14、e comparison of deviation ratio, integral and derivative (PID) algorithm and output standard signal, to control the action of the implementing agencies, in order to realize the automatic control of temperature, pressure, flow, and other process parameters.The PID controller is simple and easy to und

15、erstand, without the use of accurate grasp system model and other prerequisites, thus it has become the most widely used controller.In this design,theposition type PIDalgorithm based on 80C51.Using AD converter will be collected the speed signal after conversion into actual speed signal and speed si

16、gnal and set a goal for the poor, the differential input PID controller, through the PID control algorithm to obtain the control signal.Proteus is famous EDA tools, is the only way to circuit simulation software, PCB design software and virtual model to simulate the experimental platform. It can not only complete the hardware circuit design in virtual environment, but also to achieve a complete design from concept to product