1、将来完成时)2) When she got home, _(孩子们已经睡着了).the children had fallen asleep过去完成时)3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _(我姐姐将在海边度假).my sister will be taking her vacation at the seaside将来进行时)4) I_(一上午都在修改我的简历).have been revising my resume all the morning现在完成进行时)5) Do you often go on holi
2、day? _(不,我已经有五年没有度假了).No. It has been five years since I went on holidayIt has beensince sb. did sth.表示某人有多长时间没有做某事了)6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _(他参军已五年了).He has been in the army for 5 years1.现在完成时;2.要用持续性动词才能接一段时间)三、被动语态 51) The blackboard and chalk _(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).is being replaced by
3、 the computer and the projector被动语态的现在进行时)2) The book _(到今年年底就将已出版). will have been published by the end of this year被动语态的将来完成时) 3) Computer models _(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式). can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work1.被动语态与情态动词联用; 2.汉语有些没有“被”字等标志词的句子也表示被动,要译成英语的被动语态) 4) When the bill of fare was bro
4、ught, _(我惊呆了,价格大大超出了我的预料). I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated同“3”的考点2) 5) _(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms. Effective measures must be taken immediately汉语的无主句通常翻译成英语的被动语态)四、情态动词 51) The phone is ringing, _(但是没人接听。她一定不在家).but there is no answer. She c
5、ant be at home情态动词可以表示可能性,cant表示“一定不”)2) I cant find my sunglasses. _(我可能昨天落在咖啡店里了). I may have left them in the coffee shop yesterday (考点:“情态动词can/could, may/might, must +完成式”用于表示对过去发生的动作的主观判断) 3) You screamed in your sleep last night. _(你一定梦见什么可怕的东西了). You must have dreamed of something terrible同上
6、)4) Its a pity. _(你本应该邀请她来参加你的毕业典礼的). You should have invited her to your graduation ceremony“情态动词should/ought to + have done” 用于评论过去应该做而实际并未做的动作,含有批评的意思)5) _(其实我没必要穿上我最好的套装去参加那次聚会的); most of the guests were wearing jeans and sweaters. I neednt have put on my best suit to go to the party“情态动词neednt
7、+ have + done”表示对过去发生的动作进行评论,认为“无须发生”,“不必做”)五、虚拟语气 22 1) I wish _(我年轻的时候有你们这样的机会). I had had your opportunities when I was youngI wish后的that从句中用过去完成式表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望)2) If only _(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself.he had known this disease is curableIf only引导的感叹句表示“但愿”或“要是就好了”,用法与I
8、 wish基本相同)3) Would you like him to paint your door with yellow stars?Id rather he _(漆成蓝色的,而且不带任何装饰).painted it blue, and without any decorationswould rather后的that从句中用过去式表示不是事实) 4) Its high time that _(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jamsIts (about/high) time后的that
9、从句中用过去式,表示“该是的时候了”)5) Hugh usually talks _(仿佛在大会上发表演说似的). as though he were delivering a speech at an assemblyas if / as though引导的从句中用过去式表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑)6) We insist that _(让杰克立刻进医院). Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的宾语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式) 7) It was
10、advised that _(在居民区设立更多的流动商店). more mobile shops (should) be set up in the residential area表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的动词所接的主语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式)8) His proposal was that _(他们成立一个专门委员会来检查这个问题). they (should) set up a special board/committee to examine this problem表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的表语从句通常用“(tha
11、t) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式)9) We are going to discuss his suggestion that _(取消期中考试). the mid-term exams (should) be canceled表示“建议、命令、要求、想法”的名词所接的同位语从句通常用“(that) sb. (should) do”的虚拟形式)10) It is ridiculous that _(我们在一个总是下雨的国家还缺水). we (should) be short of water in a country where it is always raining在It
12、is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。 这类形容词常见的有:advisable, anxious, desirable, essential, important, impossible, improper, necessary, proper, urgent, vital,)11) It is essential that _(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). everyone (should) be prepared for emergency12) _(如果他按照我告诉他的办法订票), we would have had quite
13、 a comfortable journey. If he had booked tickets in the way I told him在非真实条件句中用过去完成式表示与过去的事实相反) 13) I was to have made a speech _(要不是有人把我的话打断了).if I had not been interrupted14) It didnt rain last night. _(要是下了,地就会湿的). If it had rained, the ground would be wet在非真实条件句中,当主句与从句表示的动作不是同时发生时,就根据情况用适当的谓语动词
14、形式) 15) _(如果我一直住在纽约), I would know the U.S. well now. If I had been living in New York16) If the doctor had not come in time, _(他现在就不在人间了). he would be dead now17) But for his help, _(我们就不会以这么低的价格租到房子了). we could not have rent a house at such a low pricebut for经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语) 18) I used my calcul
15、ator; _(否则,我会花更长的时间才能算出这道题). otherwise, it would have taken me more time to work out this questionotherwise也经常作为非真实条件句中if的代用语)19) Were I in your place, _(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会). I would seize the opportunity without hesitation在非真实条件句中如果有were, had, should这三个词,可以省去if,采用主谓语倒装的形式来表示条件)20) Had it not been for thei
16、r opposition, _(这项法案早就通过了). this act would have been passed much earlier 21) Should there be another world war, _(人类的继续存在就会有危险). the continued existence of the human race would be in jeopardy 22) He walked lightly _(以免惊醒婴儿). lest he should awaken the babylest (以免)引导的从句通常用sb. should do的形式表示虚拟六、不定式 10
17、 1) It was a great achievement _(10个月建成一栋24层的楼). to complete a 24-story building in 10 months不定式作主语时常用it作形式主语放在句首代替不定式,而将不定式移到谓语后面) 2) It is necessary _(我们在考试前好好地睡一晚上觉). for us to have a good nights sleep before the test有时用“介词for +代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是事情, 这种情况下谓语中常用的形容词有:necessary, importa
18、nt, possible, impossible, all right, essential等) 3) It is generous _(你把这么多钱捐给灾区人民). of you to donate so much money to the people in the disaster area有时用“介词of +代词/名词”来表示不定式的逻辑主语,这时整句的谓语描述的对象是人, 常用的形容词有:bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, foolish, generous, honest, kind, polite, rude, selfish, sill
19、y, stupid, thoughtful, thoughtless, wicked, wise, wrong) 4) The teacher decided _(不惩罚那些上课迟到的学生). not to punish those students who had been late for class1.用不定式结构作decide的宾语;2.不定式的否定形式是在to前加not) 能带不定式作宾语的动词常见的有:afford, attempt, beg, decide, forget, intend, manage, mean, offer, prefer, promise,) 5) Mr.
20、 Green was wondering _ (是否去看望在法国的儿子). whether to visit their son in France“疑问词+不定式”作动词wonder的宾语。 6) The gardener _(刚才警告我不要在中午给花浇水). warned me just now not to water flowers at noon不定式作宾语补语) 7) We _(请他给我们做有关现代艺术的讲座). invited him to give us a lecture on modern art 8) He feels it challenging _(在这么大一所大学做
21、学生会主席). to be the chairman of students union in so large a university动词+ it +形容词/名词+不定式。it是形式宾语,不定式是真正宾语) 9) We hope to have more opportunities _(把我们在课堂上学到的东西应用于实践). to apply what we have learned in class to practice不定式作定语) 10) The bad weather _(破坏了我们在露天放电影的计划). ruined our plan to show the film in t
22、he open air七、分词 9 1) This is the first time that I heard _(用意大利语唱“祝你生日快乐”). “Happy birthday to you” sung in Italian分词作宾语补语) 2) The cars _(停在消防通道的) will be ticketed. parked in the fire lane分词作定语) 3) The war went on for years, _(夺去了成千上万人的生命). killing thousands upon thousands of people分词作结果状语) 4) The f
23、armers used a new insecticide, thus _(将平均产量提高了15%). raising the average yield by 15 percent 5) Einstein watched the toy in delight, _(想推导出它的运转原理). trying to deduce its operating principle分词作伴随状语) 6) _(看到大家都在聚精会神地看书), we stopped talking and began to study. Seeing that everyone was bending over his/he
24、r book分词作原因状语) 7) _(被这个男孩的事迹深深打动了), they decided to pay for his education. Deeply moved by the boys deeds 8) _(从一个年轻朋友的眼光来看), Einstein was a simple, modest and ordinary man. Seen from the eyes of a young friend分词作方式状语) 9) _(好久没有收到父母的来信了), he was worried about them. Not having heard from his parents
25、for a long time1.分词作原因状语;2.分词的否定形式;3.现在分词的完成式)八、动名词 6 1) _(每天洗冷水澡) does him a lot of good. Taking a cold bath every day动名词作主语) 2) They tried to avoid _(让女儿做她不喜欢的事情). making their daughter do what she didnt like to do动名词作动词的宾语) 3) Developing varieties is the key to _(使我们的产品进入国际市场). getting our goods into the international market动名词作介词的宾语) 4) It is no use _(为洒了的牛奶而哭泣). crying over spilled milk考点:动名词用于固定结构。 5) He denied_(偷看了同桌的试卷). having peeked at his neighbors test paper动名词的完成式) 6) We congratulated her on _(被提升为经理). being promoted to manager动名
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