静电效应文档格式.docx

1、目前较为成熟的技术包括静电除尘、静电选别、静电纺纱、静电喷涂、静电摄影等。但静电的作用或者危害还远不止这些随着工业水平的发展、人类认识领域及认识水平的提高、以及相关理论体系、相关实验测试手段的完善和提高，对静电的研究也越来越深入，而且对静电概念的定义也有所扩展。以前认为所谓静电就是静止的电荷，而如今静电概念把高电压、小电流的现象也归结为静电现象。再比如说以前认为静电放电是高电压、小电流的放电形式，其对外作用主要是由于较宽的放电频谱引起的电磁干扰。而现在由于测试手段的提高，对静电放电现象的表述为高电压、短时（微纳秒级）脉冲强电流及宽的放电频谱。它的危害不只是电磁干扰，而且对放电物体有物理破坏作用

2、。 现今静电理论及静电应用技术的前沿问题大致可分为以下几个方面：1、强电离放电理论。2、脉冲静电技术。3、电磁干扰。4、静电生物效应。5、静电放电模型的建立。论文通过简述静电的基础知识，使大家了解静电科学的发展过程、静电以及静电现象产生的原因，加深对静电现象的认识，并知道一些静电现象的研究和应用。关键词：静电，静电现象，静电研究与应用AbstractElectrostatic emerging research is an ancient discipline . We say it because it is found in the ancient era is long （ as ear

3、ly as 600 BC, the ancient Greeks had discovered the phenomenon of static electricity ） , but also for understanding power , research and theories are based on the formation of electrostatic origin. The so-called emerging is said to electrostatic technology research and application of the twentieth c

4、entury began to be taken seriously and flourish.Electrostatic technology is an edge of science and technology. It can be said static electricity everywhere, it is within a certain range are more or less have a certain impact on related research. Currently more mature technologies, including electros

5、tatic precipitators , electrostatic sorting , electrostatic spinning , electrostatic spraying , electrostatic photography. But the role of electrostatic or harm far more than . With the development of industrial level , the field of human awareness and raise the level of awareness , and related theo

6、retical system, the means of experimental tests to improve and enhance the study of static electricity is also increasing depth , and definition of the concept has also been extended static . Previously considered the so-called electrostatic charge is stationary , but now the concept of the static h

7、igh voltage, low current phenomenon is also attributed to electrostatic phenomena . Another example was previously considered ESD discharge in the form of high- voltage, low current , and its main function is the external electromagnetic interference due to the wide spectrum caused by the discharge

8、. And now because of improved testing methods , and electrostatic discharge phenomena described as high- voltage , short-term （ micro- nanosecond ） pulsed high current discharge and wide spectrum . It is not just the hazards of electromagnetic interference, and physical objects on the damaging effec

9、ts of the discharge .Electrostatic theory and application of modern technology frontier electrostatic problems can be divided into the following areas : 1 , strong ionization discharge theory . 2 , pulse electrostatic technology . 3 , the electromagnetic interference. 4 , the biological effects of s

10、tatic electricity . 5 , the establishment of electrostatic discharge model.Paper briefly through the basics of static electricity , so that we understand the reasons for the development of electrostatic science , electrostatic and electrostatic phenomena , and to deepen the understanding of the phen

11、omenon of static electricity , and know some of the research and application of electrostatic phenomena .Keywords : static, static phenomenon , electrostatic Research and Application目录摘 要 IAbstract（英文摘要） IV目 录 IV第一章 引言1.1 课题的目的和意义1.2静电效应研究与应用的进展1.3静电简介 1.3.1静电的定义1.3.2静电现象的产生1.3.3静电现象的发现过程 第二章 几种典型的静

12、电效应2.1静电平衡2.2静电屏蔽2.3静电放电2.4人体静电2.5沉积静电效应2.6 生物静电效应第三章 应用 3.1. 静电喷涂 3.2静电纺纱 3.3. 静电摄影 3.4静电选别3.5. 燃料气体的点火3.6. 静电在高技术领域的一些应用第四章 静电消除技术4.1静电的危害4.2静电消除原理及应用4.2.1感应式静电消除技术4.2.2高压静电消除技术4.2.3 射线静电消除技术4.2.4 感光静电消除技术4.3 静电在生活中的危害与防护结论 110参考文献 112致谢及声明 12 第一章 引 言1.1 课题的背景和意义静电现象在我们的日常生活中无处不在，比如在干燥的天气，脱下合成纤维的衣

13、服时，经常可以听到放电的响声，如果在暗处，还可以看到放电的电火花，这是我们大家的非常熟悉的现象。但大多数人们并不很了解这些现象的产生原理，不懂得怎样应用以及防止，下面通过简单的简述静电的一些简单的知识，了解静电是如何产生的，加深对静电现象的认识，了解人们是怎样发现静电现象的，并知道一些静电现象的研究和应用。1.3 静电简介 1.3.1 静电的定义 静电就是物体表面过剩的或不足的静止电荷。静电是一种电能，它留存于物体表面；静电是正电荷和负电荷在局部范围内失去平衡的结果；静电是通过电子或离子转移而形成的。 1.3.2 静电现象的产生任何物质都是由原子（分子也是由原子构成）组合而成，而原子的基本结构包括质子、中子及电子。科学家们发现质子带正电，中子不带电，电子带负电。在正常状况下，一个原子的质子数与电子数相同，正负电平衡 ，所以对外表现出不带电的现象。但是由于外界作用如摩擦、各种能量（动能、位能、热能、化学能）等的形式作用会使原子的正负电不平衡，从而表现出带电性。在日常生活中所说的摩擦实质上是物体间不断接触与分离的过程。在有些情况下不摩擦也能产生静电，比如任何两个不同材质的物体