人教部编版高中英语语法知识非谓语动词汇总Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、（2）进行式表示其动作正在进行，与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。注意：不定式的进行式常同may, might, can, could, must, need, ought to, should, will, would 等情态动词连用，表示“可能、应当或想必”正在进行的动作。You oughtnt to be talking so much. 你不应该说这么多。He might be reading a novel at that time. 那时他可能正在读小说。（3）不定式的完成时

2、表达下列意义：A. 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。（to have kept发生在I am sorry所表示的时间之前）She is said to have just completed a novel. 据说她刚完成一部小说。（to have just completed a novel发生在She is said所表示的时间之前）B.用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, th

3、ought, desired, was, were等词后，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表示动作， to have been表示状态。I meant to have done the work before Sunday. 我本想星期天前完成这项工作。（没完成）I was to have been a doctor. 我本打算当个医生。（没当成）I intended to have come to see you.我本打算来看你的。（但没来）C.用在seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一

4、个动作先于另一个动作发生。I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那见过她。（see在seem之前发生）He was believed to have been a reporter.都认为他从前干过记者。D. 在should（would） like 或should（would）have like后用不定式完成式表示没有实现的愿望。I should like to have gone with her.我多么愿意和她一起去。（但没去）I would like to have seen her face when she read the l

5、etter.我真想见到她读信时的表情。（但没看到）（4）不定式的完成进行式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。 He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。 He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years.他看上去很年轻，不像已经出版了6年书的人。（5） come + 不定式表示一个动作发生的过程He will come to understand it in the end.他最终会懂得的。Later he came to

6、 be a famous painter.后来他成了著名的画家。 2、动词不定式的被动语态如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者不定式用主动式；如果不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。The doctor recommended the room to be aired. 医生建议让房间透透气。The sports meeting on the weekend has to be put off. 周末的运动会被迫推迟。3、意义上被动形式上主动的不定式（1） 在“there be+主语”中，不定式用作定语修饰名词或代词，并同所修饰的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。Ther

7、e is no time to lose. 一点时间也不能浪费了。（2）在“名词（代词） be easy（difficult, fit等形容词） 不定式”结构中，有时尽管主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动，形式上却是主动，这时可以看成省略了动词逻辑主语for us, for me , for you 等。The book is difficult to read. 这本书很难读懂。He is not easy to get on well with. 他不易相处。（3）如果不定式逻辑主语是不定式动作的执行者，不定式和它修饰的名词虽然在逻辑上有动宾关系，也必须用主动形式，因为逻辑主语同不定

8、式的关系更为直接。Weve got plenty to eat.我们有足够的东西吃。（句子主语We在逻辑上是不定式to eat动作的执行者，不定式to eat和它修饰的名词plenty在逻辑上是动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动意义。）（4）在too to 和enough to 结构中，不定式可用主动语态表示被动意义。The box is too heavy to carry.这个箱子太重了搬不动。（5）blame的不定式作表语时，用主动语态和被动语态表示被动的意义，但含义不同。You were to blame. （= you are at fault.）这该怪你。You were to be b

9、lamed.（= You are going to be blamed.）你要受到指责。（6）something, little, what, much, a great deal等作句子主语，表语为to do时，不定式可用主动语态表示被动意义。 A great deal of work remains to do.还有很多工作要做。 What is to do tomorrow? 明天干什么？（二）动词不定式的句法功能动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。1、 不定式作主语不定式及不定式短语作主语时，为了平衡句子结构，可用it作形式主语，

10、而把真正的不定式后置。To make a plan first is a good idea. 先制订计划是个好办法。It is a good idea to make a plan first . 首先制订一个计划是一个好主意。在下列情况下只宜采用it作形式主语（1）在疑问句或感叹句中作主语的不定式。How important it is to master a foreign language!掌握一门外语是多么重要啊!（2）当句中谓语动词不是be, seem, appear等连系动词时。It took us 20 minutes to get to the station. 赶到车站花了

11、我们20分钟。（3）在“it +be + adj. + of + sb. +不定式”结构中。Its very nice of you to help me with my work. 帮我的工作，你真是太好了。2、不定式作表语（1）主语、表语都是不定式，前者是条件，后者是目的或结果。To learn a language is to use it. 学语言是为了使用语言。To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people. 对敌人仁慈就是对人民残酷。（2）主语是duty, plan, wish, hope, idea, purpose等名词

12、。His wish was to become a scientist. 他的愿望是当一名科学家。To the doctor ,the most important thing is to save peoples lives. 对医生来说，最重要的事是拯救人们的生命。（3）表示时态发展的结果、预期的结果、不幸的命运或预言。You are to die at 98.你会98岁去世。Man is to live a better life in the next century.人类在下一世纪会生活的更好。（4）表示“同意、安排、命令、决定、劝告、意愿 、禁止”等。They are to mar

13、ry next week.（安排）他们下周结婚。Nobody is to know.（禁止）不应让任何人知道。You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.（愿望）要想成功，就必须有耐力，有毅力。（5）主语是what引导的名词性从句。What surprised me most is to see him beaten black and blue. 使我吃惊的是看到他被打得遍体鳞伤。What is important at present is to save lives.目前救人要紧。3、不定式作宾语（1）有些及物动词常跟

14、不定式作宾语，如agree, afford, arrange, ask, begin , decide, forget, hope, like , start , want, wish等。也可用来作形容词的宾语，如able, afraid, anxious, careful, content, determined, eager, foolish, free, glad, inclined, likely, pleased, prepared, ready, slow, sure, sorry, willing等。She wanted to borrow my bike. 她想借我的自行车。T

15、he boys and girls are anxious to learn how to swim. 孩子们渴望学会游泳。（2）不定式作宾语时，句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语，与不定式动词的关系是主动关系，但有时不定式和主语却是动宾关系。English is not difficult to learn.英语不难学。（3）feel, find, judge, make, think, believe, consider等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，后面有宾语补足语时，将真正的宾语不定式放在补足语的后面，而将形式宾语it放在补语之前。He found it hard to learn maths.

16、他发现数学很难学。I think it our duty to support the elder.我认为赡养老人是我们的义务。4、不定式作定语不定式作定语时，需放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后。它与所修饰的名词或代词有下列关系：（1）动宾关系如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，和所修饰名词搭配的介词不能省略。Have you got anything to say?你有什么要说的吗？He had no room to live in.他没房子住。（2）主谓关系He is always the first to come and last to leave.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。The next

17、train to arrive is from Washington.下一列到站的火车是从华盛顿开来的。（3）同位语关系The farmers thought of ways to protect their crops. 农民们想出保护庄稼的办法。He had the wish to be an artist. 他愿意当艺术家。5、不定式作状语不定式作状语时，常表示目的、结果、原因、条件等，通常放在它所修饰的动词之后。（1）表目的不定式作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词之后，一般放在句子后部。但如要表示强调，也可以位于句首，前面可加in order,不定式作目的状语时其否定必须用in ord

18、er not +不定式，或so as not 不定式。in order to 引出的不定式可置于句首或句中，so as not不定式不能放在句首，只能放在句中。He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息。（目的）To search for gold, many people went to California. 为了寻找金子，许多人去了加利福尼亚。I often read China Daily so as to improve my reading. 我常读中国日报以提高我的阅读。We often listen to English broadcasts to/in

19、 order to/so as to get listening training. 我们经常听英语广播，以增强听力训练。（2）表示结果A.形容词如right, polite, crazy, generous, good, greedy, kind, selfish, silly, splendid, nice, unselfish, unkind等对人进行表扬或批评，后接不定式表示结果，不定式的逻辑主语也就是句子主语。He is very polite to show us the way.他很有礼貌给我们指路。He is silly to say so. 他这么说太傻了。B. 不定式和on

20、ly连用，表示未预料到的结果。He woke up only to find himself famous. 他一觉醒来，竟发现自己成名了。The thief broke into the house only to find it empty. 小偷闯进屋子，却发现是空的。C.在so as to, such as to, enough to等结构中的不定式皆表示结果。He is too young to join the army. 他太年轻了，不能参军。He is so careless as to forget his pen.她太粗心了，以至于把钢笔忘了带。D.“too to”表示结果

21、意为：太而不能，但有时不含否定意义。He is too excited to sleep. 他太激动了，不能入睡。（否定）We are only too pleased to work together with you. 我们同你一起工作，真是太高兴了。（肯定）You are too ready to find out fault with others. 你太好挑剔别人了。（3）表示原因，其逻辑主语是句子的主语。She wept to see him in such a terrible state.她看到他这种可怕的样子就哭了。（4）表示条件动词不定式有时也可以表示条件，一般置于句首，否

22、定不定式表示条件多置于句尾，这时谓语动词常含有will, shall, should, would, can, must等。To hear him talk, you would think he owned the whole world. 要是听他讲话，你会认为整个世界都是他的。（5）表明说话人的态度， 在句中作独立成份。To tell the truth, this all Greek to me.说实话，我对此一窍不通。To make a long story short, he became bankrupt.简单的说，他破产了。To be true, we can do it we

23、ll.当然，我们能做好。除此之外还有：to be brief 简而言之、to be exact 精确的说、to be frank with you老实对你说 、to be plain 老实说 、to put it straight直截了当、to bring the story short长话短说、to return to my subject言归正传、to change the subject换一个话题、to use his own words用自己的话说、to make matter worse更糟的是、to give him his due公正地说、strange to say奇怪地说、t

24、o say nothing of姑且不讲、to conclude总之、to crown all更好（坏）的是、to be honest直率地说、to start /begin with首先、to do him justice说句公道话、to sum up总之，总而言之等。这些短语大都位于句首，偶尔位于句中或句尾，需要用逗号和其他成份隔开。但表示“更不用说”的几个短语一般要放在句尾，如to say nothing of, not to say, not to mention, not to speak of, let alone, much less, much more 等。6、不定式作宾语补

25、足语和主语补足语动词believe, consider, declare, find, prove, suppose, feel, think等后面常跟to be 不定式作宾补。有时to be 可以省略。这类不定式改为被动语态后就变成了主语补足语。感官动词如feel, see, hear, watch, notice, observe, listen to, look at 等以及使役动词make, have, let 等在跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to。但在转换成被动语态时要加上to。We believe her （to be） innocent.我们相信她无罪。He was he

26、ard to sing next door.有人听见他在隔壁唱过歌。She made the boy go to bed early.她让那个男孩早睡觉。The boy was made to go to bed early.那个男孩被迫早睡觉。（三）动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式由“not+动词不定式”构成。Tell him not to be late. 告诉他不要迟到。The policeman told the boys not to play in the street. 那位警察告诉那些男孩们不要在街上玩。（四）动词不定式的复合结构1、for+名词或代词+不定式不定式的复合结构由

27、“for+名词或代词+不定式”构成。这个名词或代词形式上是for的宾语，而意义上是不定式的逻辑主语。这种结构可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。如：It is necessary for us to learn from each other. 我们相互学习是必要的。（主语）I think it a good idea for her to study medicine. 我认为她学医是个好主意。（宾语）The engine is for you to repair. 这台发动机归你修。（表语）The lake is a good place for you to swim in. 这

28、湖是你游泳的好地方。（定语）I spoke slowly for them to make notes. 我讲得很慢以便让他们作笔记。（状语）2、“It is + 形容词X 代词（名词）不定式”句型用of 还是用for（1） 如果句中的形容词表示人物特征或品质，常同of搭配构成“It is + 形容词of代词（名词）不定式”句型。bold ，brave, careful, careless, considerate, cruel, rude, generous, :right，wrong, kind，nice，good，polite，clever，wise， foolish, silly等。这

29、是一个带有感情色彩的不定式结构， 表示好意时，具有“对不胜感激”的意思；表示坏的意思时，含有“真是太，真是透了”的意思。It is kind of you to help me.你帮助我真是太好了。It was foolish of us to do so.我们这样做真是太傻了。这一结构均可改为“主语be形容词不定式”但无感情色彩。You are kind to help.你帮我很好。We are foolish to do so.我们这样做傻。（2）表示事物性质的形容词如easy, difficult, hard, important, impossible, possible, safe, dangerous, necessary常同for 搭配，构成“It is + 形容词for代词（名词）不定式”句型。这类形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但与句中的