1、主+谓+其他,例如:主语一般包括人称代词或名词:I ,you, he ,she, dog, cat, some books等. 物主代词:this, that, 等。谓语一般就是动词:be动词:is, are, am助动词:do, does行为动词:like, eat 等Eg. Mr. Walker is an Englishman. 华克先生是英国人。 I am a tall boy. 我是一个高的男孩。 He does his homework. 他做他的作业。2、否定句否定句的基本形式包括以下两种:(1)在系动词am, is, are, 助动词do, does, did,及情态动词wil
2、l, would,can, could, may, might, shall, should, must等后面加上“not”。例如: 句子中有be动词, 后直接加not,例如:Eg. I am not (Im not) a good swimmer. 我不是一个游泳的好手。 He is not (isnt) a doctor. 他不是一个医生It is not (isnt) raining outside. 外面没有在下雨。情态动词will, would,can, could, may, might, shall, should, must后面加上“not”。 Eg. I wont do it
3、 again. 我不再做这种事。 The old man cannot find his way home. 那个老人找不到回家的路。 I couldnt sleep last night. 昨夜我无法入睡。使用助动词“do”的否定句 一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:do(does, did)+not + V(原形动词),肯定句、否定句的互换:非单三时用do, 单三时用does 肯定句:I like 否定句:I do not like English.He likes English.He does not like English. Eg. I dont know her
4、very well. 我并不很了解她。 He doesnt like Chinese tea very much. 他并不很喜欢中国茶。 She didnt come to school this morning. 今天早上她没有来上学。 Dont believe him. 不要相信他的话。小口诀:1、变否定,找be、can, be、can后边加not2、无be、无can找动词,动词前边加dont/doesnt, 后面动词用原形 Eg: 肯定句 否定句 David watches TV every evening. David doesnt watch TV every evening. Sh
5、e is buying some food in the shop. She isnt buying some food in the shop He can play the piano. He cant play the piano. (2)使用“not”以外的否定词使用副词:never,seldom,hardly,little,neither等。 Eg. She never comes to school late. 她上学从不迟到。 She seldom comes to see me. 她不常来看我。使用形容词:no, few, little等。 Eg. I have no brot
6、hers. (=I dont have brothers. ) 我没有兄弟。 He has few friends in Hong Kong. 他在香港几乎没有朋友。使用代词:nothing,nobody, none等。 Eg. I know nothing about computer. 对于电脑我一窍不通。 I found nobody in that house. 在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。小贴士 否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:He is honest. 他是诚实的。 He is dishonest. (=He in not honest. ) 他不诚实。They have c
7、hildren. 他们有小孩。 They are childless . =They dont have children. 他们没有小孩。特殊(肯定句与否定句互换词):1.some变为anyThere are some birds in the tree.There arent any birds in the tree. 但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。Would you like some orange juice?与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。2.and变为orI have a knife and a ruler
8、.I dont have a knife or a ruler. 3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或muchThey have a lot of friends.(可数名词)They dont have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词) There isnt much orange in the bottle. 4.already变为yet I have been there already. I havent been there yet.There be句式1 There be 句型
9、的理解和综合运用2. There be 与have 的区别There be句型也叫作存在句,它是英语中一种常见的句型结构,表示在某地存在某物(某人)或在某时发生某事一、 There be 句型结构1、there be 结构的肯定句(1)There is+可数名词单数/不可数名词+地点/时间状语Eg. There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶里有一朵花。There is some money in the purse. 钱包里有些钱。(2)There are+可数名词复数+地点/时间状语Eg. There are many books in the shelf. 书架
10、上有一些书。2、there be 结构的否定句there be 结构的否定句是在be 后加not或no,表示“没有”之意。如果句中有some,变否定句时需将some变为any。Eg. There are not any/no flowers in the vast.花瓶里没有花。3、there be 结构的疑问句(1)一般疑问句及其答语there be 结构的一般疑问句通常是把be提至there前,首字母大写,句末用问号,其肯定的回答为Yes,there is/are,否定回答为No,there isnt/arent。Eg. Is there a computer in your room?
11、你房间里有电脑吗? Yes,there is/ No,there isnt 是的,有。/不,没有。(2)特殊疑问句及其回答提问句子的主语(包括主语前的修饰语)时,句型一律用what is + 地点介词短语?(无论主语是单数还是复数都用is)。Eg. There are some birds in the tree. Whats in the tree?就there be后面的地点状语进行提问时,句型用where is / are + 主语?如:There is a car in the street. Where is the car?提问可数名词(主语)前的数量时,用how many,句型结
12、构为how many + 复数名词 + are there + 其它?(主语无论是单数还是复数,be通常要用are)。There is a cat under the bed. How many cats are there under the bed?二、 There be 句型中be的确定1、在一般现在时的there be结构中,be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。主语是不可数名词或者可数名词单数时be用is;主语是可数名词复数时be用are。在一般过去时中,there be则相应地用there was或者there are。Eg. There is an elephant.There
13、 are two dogs.2、若句子中有几个并列的主语,be的形式要与离其最近的那个主语在人称和数上保持一致,简称“就近原则”Eg. There is a flower and two tables in the room.There are two tables and a flower in the room.Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“There be”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。There is a tree behind the house.三、 There
14、 be句型与have/has 的区别1、不同点There be 句型和have, has都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have, has表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。Eg. He has two sons. 他有两个儿子。 There are two men in the office. 办公室里有两个男人。2、相同点当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,There be 句型与其可互换。Eg. A week has seven days. = There are seven days in a week. 一个星期有七天。祈使句【概念引入】 用来表示请求、命令、叮嘱、建议等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句的谓语动词用原形,句子没有主语,句
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