英美文学选读要点总结精心整理Word下载.docx

1、developme nt in the direet ion of perfeet ion, and that the world they in habited was theirs not to despise but to questi on, explore, and enjoy. 人文主义者们去卩从古代文化遗产中找到充足的论据，来赞美人性，并开始注意到人类是崇高的生命， 人可以不断发展完善自己，而且世界是属于他们的，供他们怀疑，探索以及享受。4. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the best

2、representatives of the English humanists. 托马斯.摩尔，克利斯朵夫.马洛和威廉.莎士比亚是英国人文主义的代表。5. Wyatt in trodueed the Petrareha n sonnet into En gla nd. 怀亚特将彼特拉克的十四行诗引进英国。6. The first period of the English Renaissanee was one of imitation and assimilation. 英国文艺复兴初期只是一个学习模仿与同化的阶段。7. The goals of huma ni stie poetry a

3、re: skillful han dli ng of conven ti ons, foree ofking1970uage, and, above all, the development of a rhetorieal plan in whieh meter, rhyme, seheme, imagery and argument should all be eombined to frame the emotional theme and throw it into high relief. 人文主义诗歌的主要目标是对传统习俗的熟练运用，语言的力度与气概，而最重要的是发展了修辞模式，即将

4、格律，韵脚（式），组织结构，意 象（比喻，描述）与议论都结合起来勾画出情感主题，并将其极为鲜明生动的表现出来。8. The most famous dramatists in the Ren aissa nee En gla nd are Christopher Marlowe,William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson. 文艺复兴时期英国最著名的戏剧家有克利斯朵夫 .马洛，威廉.莎士比亚与本.约翰逊。9. Francis Baeon （1561-1626）, the first important English essayist. 费兰西斯.培根是英国历史上最重

5、要的散文家。（I）Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞10. the theme of Rederosse is not Arms and the man, ” but someth ing moreromantic- Fieree wars and faithful loves. ”仙后的主题并非 男人与武器”，而是更富浪漫色彩的残酷战争与忠贞爱情”。11. It is Spen ser idealism, his love of beauty, and his exquisite melody that make him known as “he poets poet.正是斯宾塞的

6、理想主义，对美的热爱以及精美优雅的诗文韵律是他成为诗人中的诗人”。（II） Christopher Marlowe 克利斯朵夫.马洛12. As the most gifted of the Uni versity Wits, ” Marlowe composed six plays with inhis short lifetime. Among them the most important are: Tamburlaine, Parts I & II,Dr.Faustus, The Jew of Malta and Edward II. 马洛是当时 大学才子”中最富才华的人，在他短暂的一

7、生中，他完成了六部剧本的创作。其中最负盛名的是： 帖木尔，浮士德博士的悲剧，马耳他岛的犹太人以及爱德华二世。13. Marlowe greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank verse andmade it the principal medium of English drama.马洛的艺术成就在于他完善了无韵体诗，并使之成为英国戏剧中最重要的文体形式。14. Marlowe second achievement is his creation of the Renaissanee hero for Englishdra

8、ma.马洛的第二项贡献是他创造了文艺复兴时期的英雄形象。15. His brilliant achievement as a whole raised him to an eminence as the pioneerof En glish drama. 他对戏剧发展的贡献是不可磨灭的，为此，它被后世尊为英国戏剧的先驱。16. The passio nate shepherd to his love 激情的牧人致心爱的姑娘This short poem is con sidered to be one of the most beautiful lyrics in En glishlitera

9、ture. 这首短诗是英国文学诗中最优美的抒情诗。（III） William Shakespeare 威廉.莎士比亚17. The first period of his dramatic career, he wrote five history plays: Henry VI,Parts I, II, and III, Richard III, and Titus Andronicus; and four comedies: The Comedyof Errors, The Two Gentlemen of Verona, The Taming of the Shrew, and Love

10、s Labour Lost.在他戏剧创作生涯的第一个阶段， 他创作了五部历史剧：亨利六世，理查三世，泰托斯.安东尼以及四部喜剧： 错误的戏剧，维洛那二绅士，驯悍记和爱的徒劳。18. In the second period, he wrote five histories: Richard II, King John, Henry IV,Parts I and II, and Henry V; six comedies: A Midsummer Night Dream, The Mercha ntof Venice, Much Ado About Nothing, As You Like It

11、, Twelfth Night, and The Merry Wives of Win dsor; and two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet and Julius Caesar. 在第二阶段，他写了五部历史剧：理查三世，约翰王，亨利四世，亨利五世以及六部喜剧仲夏夜之梦，威尼斯商人，无事生非，皆大欢喜，第十二夜，温莎的风流娘儿们，还有两部悲剧：罗密欧与朱丽叶和裘利斯 .凯撒。19. Shakespeare third period includes his greatest tragedies and his so-calleddark comedies. The

12、tragedies of this period are Hamlet, Othello, Ki ng Lear, Macbeth,Antony and Cleopatra, Troilus and Cressida, and Coriola nus. The two comedies are第三阶段诞生了莎翁最伟大的悲剧和他All Well That Ends and Measure for Measure.自称的黑色喜剧（或悲喜剧），悲剧有： 哈姆雷特，奥赛罗，李尔王麦克白安东尼与克利奥佩特拉 特罗伊勒斯与克利西达 及克里奥拉那斯。两部喜剧是终 成眷属和一报还一报。20. The last

13、 period of Shakespeare work in cludes his prin ciple roma ntictragicomedies: Pericles, Cymbeli ne. The Win ter Tale and The Tempest; and his twoplays: He nry VIII and The Two Noble Kin sme n. 最后一个时期的作品主要有浪漫悲喜剧：伯里克利辛白林冬天的故事与暴风雨。他最后两部剧是亨利八世与鲁 克里斯受辱记。21. Shakespeare sonnets are the only direct expressi

14、on of the poet own feelings. 这些十四行诗都是莎翁直抒胸臆的成果。22. Shakespeare history plays are mainly written under the principle that nationalun ity un der a mighty and just sovereig n is a n ecessity. 莎翁的历史剧都有这样一个主题：在一个强大英明的君主统领下的国家，统一是非常必要的。23. In his romantic comedies, Shakespeare takes an optimistic attitude toward loveand youth, and the roma nt