美国大城市的生与死中英文.docx

1、美国大城市的生与死中英文美国大城市的生与死(中英文)美国大城市的生与死(THE DEATH AND LIFE OF GREAT AMRICAN CITIES) 美国女作家简.雅各布斯(Jane Jacobs) 1 Introduction (1) This book is and attack on city planning and rebuilding. It is also, and mostly, an attempt to introduce new principles of city planning and rebuilding, different and even oppo

2、site from those now taught in everything from schools of architecture and planning to the Sunday supplements and womens magazines. My attack is not based on quibbles about rebuilding methods or hairsplitting about fashions in design. It is an attack, rather, on the principles and aims that have shap

3、ed modern, orthodox city planning and rebuilding.(2002.2.8) (2) In setting forth different principles, I shall mainly be writing about common, ordinary things: for instance, what kinds of city streets are safe and what kinds are not; why some city parks are marvelous and others are vice traps and de

4、ath traps; why some slums stay slums and other slums regenerate themselves even against financial and official opposition; what makes downtowns shift their centers; what, if anything, is a city neighborhood, and what jobs, if any, neighborhoods in great cities do. In short, I shall be writing about

5、how cities work in real life, because this is the only way to learn what principles of planning and what practices in rebuilding can promote social and economic vitality in cities, and what practices and principle will deaden these attributes.(2002.2.8) 译文： 介绍 （1）这是一本抨击现今城市规划和改造的书。应该说书中的大多数内容，尝试着介绍新

6、的城市规划和改造原则，这些原则不同于学校里所传授的东西，不同于周日特刊的计划，也不同于从妇女杂志中所看到的，甚至是与那些原则完全相反的。我的抨击并不是以关 (3) There is a wistful myth that if only we had enough money to spendthe figure is usually put at a hundred billion dollarswe could wipe out all our slums in ten years, reverse decay in the great, dull, gray belts that wer

7、e yesterdays and day-before-yesterdays suburbs, anchor the wandering middle class and its wandering tax money, and perhaps even solve the traffice problem.(2002.2.9) (4) But look what we have built with the first several billions: Low-income projects that become worse centers of delinquency, vandali

8、sm and general social hopelessness than the slums they were supposed to replace. Middle-income housing projects which are truly marvels of dullness and regimentation sealed against any buoyancy or vitality of city life. Luxury housing projects that mitigate their inanity, or try to, with a vapid vul

9、garity. Cultural centers that are unable to support a good bookstore. Civic centers that are avoided by everyone but bums, who have fewer choices of loitering place than others. Commercial centers that are lackluster imitations of standardized suburban chain-store shopping. Promenades that go from n

10、o place to nowhere and have no promenaders. . Expressways that eviscerate great cities. This is not the rebuilding of cities. This is the sacking of cities.(2000.2.9) （3）有一种理想的“神话”，前提是我们拥有足够的资金通常得上百亿美金我们便可在十年内清除所有的贫困区，隐藏起从前城市中那些庞大、阴暗、沉闷地带内所呈现出的衰败景象，转而安置飘泊的中产阶级，沉淀及其附带的游离资金，这样甚至可以解决交通问题。(2002.2.10 永远的

11、埃及 译)（4）现在看看我们用一开始的几十亿作了什么：低收入居民区变成了错误，破坏艺术行为和社会绝望的中心，代替了贫民窟给社会带来的影响。中层收入居民区的无趣和对一切轻快和有活力的城市生活的管辖让人觉得惊奇。奢华的小别墅妄图用一种粗俗的设计手法区减轻他们的愚蠢。文化中心里不能找到一个好的书店。除了流浪汉谁都不愿意去城市中心，因为那里是少数几个能供他们闲逛的场所。商业中心是标准的郊区连锁店的翻版。散步道不知位于何处，当然见不到散步的人，高速公路变成了城市的精华部分。这不是对城市的改造，这是对城市的毁坏。(2002.2.11 benbentiao 译) (5) Under the surface,

12、 these accomplishments prove even poorer than their poor pretenses. They seldom aid the city areas around them, as in theory they are supposed to. These amputated areas typically develop galloping gangrene. To house people in this planned fashion, price tags are fastened on the population, and each

13、sorted-out chunk of price-tagged populace lives in growing suspicion and tension against the surrounding city. When two or more such hostile islands are juxtaposed the result is called “a balanced neighborhood.” Monopolistic shopping centers and monumental cultural centers cloak, under the public re

14、lations hoohaw, the subtraction of commerce, and of culture too, from the intimate and casual life of cities.(2002.2.10) (6) That such wonders may be accomplished, people who get marked with the planners hex signs are pushed about, expropriated, and uprooted much as if they were the subjects of a co

15、nquering power. Thousands of small businesses are destroyed, and their proprietors ruined, with hardly a gesture at compensation. Whole communities are torn apart and sown to the winds, with a reaping of cynicism, resentment and despair that must be heard and seen to be believed. A group of clergyme

16、n in Chicago, appalled at the fruits of planned city rebuilding there, ask, (7) Could job have been thinking of Chicago when he wrote: (8) Here are men that alter their neighbors landmarkshoulder the poor aside, conspire to oppress the friendless. （5）事实上,这些整治比它们那些有够衰的pretense们更衰. 它们极少如它们的理论所臆断的那样,在自身周围增加新的城市环境.相反,这些从城市机体上截下来的部分往往发育成急性坏疽: 在时尚的规划指导下, 居民人口被贴上价格的标签, 塞进某处组团. 而每一坨甄选出来带着价标的人口,则在与周围城区日益增长的怀疑与紧张关系中生长. 如果两个以上