动词的语态.docx

1、动词的语态十二、动词的语态知识清单知识1 被动语态的构成 知识2 被动语态的用法知识3 主动语态和被动语态的转换知识4 被动语态的注意事项语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。知识1 被动语态的构成被动语态的基本结构是“be+动词的过去分词”。几种常见时态及情态动词的主被动语态结构（以do为例）见下表：时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+doneWe clean the classroom.The clas

2、sroom is cleaned by us.一般过去时didwas/were+doneHe made the kite.The kite was made by him.现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being doneShe is walering flowers.Flowers are being watered by her.现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+been doneJim has finished the work.The work has been finished by Jim. 续表时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动

3、语态一般将来时will/shall+dowill/shall+be doneThey will plant trees tomonow.Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+being doneShe was wriling a letter this time yesterday.A letter was being written by her thi8 time yesterday.过去完成时had+donehad+been doneJim had flnished the work.The

4、work had been finished by Jim.过去将来时would/should+dowould/should+be doneHe said he would make a kite.He said a kite would be made by him.含有情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+be doneI can find him.He can be found by me. 1.各种时态的被动语态 (1)一般现在时的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态的构成是“am/is/are+过去分词”。He is loved by all his pupils.

5、他受到他所有学生的爱戴。The little boy is called Alva.小男孩叫阿尔瓦。Is King Lear written by Shakespeare?李尔王是莎士比亚写的吗？例 What a beautiful factory! I want to work in it.Well, workers _ very much here.A.need B.are needingC.are needed D.will need解析 句意：多漂亮的工厂啊！我想在里面工作。哦，这里非常需要工人。工人们是“被需要”，所以选C。答案 C (2)一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态的构

6、成为“was/were+过去分词”。I was brought up by my aunt.我是由姑姑带大的。The letter was written in Spanish.这封信是用西班牙语写的。例 Many accidents _ by careless drivers last year.A.are caused B.were causedC.have caused D.will cause解析 根据题干中的last year可知空格处应该用一般过去时，又由题意可知应用被动语态，故答案选B。答案 B(3)一般将来时的被动语态一般将来时的被动语态的构成为“will/shall+be+过

7、去分词”。shall主要用于第一人称I，we；will可用于各种人称。I shall be giVen a chance to play in this game again.我将获得再一次参加比赛的机会。When wilI the work be firushed?工作什么时候完成？例 Dont worry. Your package _ here until you come back , so enjoy shopping here.A.will keep B.has keptC.will be kept D.has been kept解析 package与keep（存放）之问是被动关系

8、，应用被动语态；又因时问状语从句用的是一般现在时，主句应用一般将来时，故用一般将来时的被动语态，故选C。答案 C(4)现在进行时的被动语态现在进行时的被动语态的构成为“am/is/are+being+过去分词”。The school library is now being blult.学校图书馆现在正在建设中。Is the accident now being looked into?这起事故现在正在调查中吗？例 A new cinema _ here now.trhey hope to finish it next month.A.will be built B.is buildingC.

9、has built D.is being built解析 句意：现在一个新的电影院正在被建，他们希望下个月能完工。由now可知表示现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时；“cinema”和“build”之问是被动关系，要用被动语态，故速D。答案 D(5)过去进行时的被动语态过去进行时的被动语态的构成为“was/were+being+过去分词”。The car was being fixed when you meant to drive it away.当你要来把车开走时，车正在修理。The hall was being built last year.Im not sure if it is c

10、ompleted.这个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚现在完成了没有。例 Trees _ here this time last year.A.were being planted B.plantedC.were planted D.were planting解析 句意：去年的这个时候这里正在植树。this time last year是过去的时问点，应用过去进行时；又因为“Trees”与“plant”之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故选A。答案 A(6)现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态的构成为“have/has+been+过去分词”。The work has been finished.工作

11、已经做完了。All these products have been tested.所有这些产品都经过了测试。Has the sports meeting been put off until next Frday?运动会推迟到下周五了吗？My goal has been achieved.我实现了目标。例 David, turn off the TV _ no one is watching it.But it _ off already! The music is from the radio.A.so that;has been turnedB.when;has turnedC.if;h

12、as been turnedD.because;has tumed解析 句意：戴维，如果没人看电视就关掉它吧。电视已经关掉了！音乐是从收音机里面传出来的。so that为了；when当的时候；if如果；because因为。由句意可知第一空用if；第二空由it（the TV）与turn off之问是被动关系，可知应用被动语态。答案 C(7)过去完成时的被动语态过去完成时的被动语态的构成为“had+been+过去分词”。The room had been broken into before we came.我们来之前有人闯进过这间屋子。The story had been introduced

13、to me for 30 years when I realized it was so important to me.我知道这个故事30年后才意识到它对我如此重要。(8)过去将来时的被动语态过去将来时的被动语态的构成为“would/should+be+过去分词”。My sister would be taken care of by Grandma.我妹妹将得到奶奶的照料。He said that a new school would be budt the next year.他说第二年将建一所新学校。2.情态动洲的被动语态(1)肯定句式：主语+情态动词+be+过去分词Such work

14、 can be done in an hour or so.这项工作可以在一个小时左右做完。The computer must be repaired now.电脑必须立刻修理。(2)否定句式：主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词Anything here cant be touched.这里的任何东西都不能碰。Such problems oughtnt to be ignored.这些问题不容忽视。(3)一般疑问句式：情态动词+主语+be+过去分词Shall dogs and cats be taken into this park?狗和猫允许带到这个公园里吗？Can the report

15、 be handed in atthe end of the week?报告本周末交可以吗？(4)特殊疑问句式：疑问词（不作主语）+情态动词+主语+be+过去分词或疑问词（作主语）+情态动词+be+过去分词Where can the garbage be deposited?垃圾放在哪里？Who might be elected president of the university?谁可能被选为这所大学的校长？例 Treenagers should _ to take care of them-selves from a young age.A.educate B.be educatingC.have educated D.be educated解析 句意：青少年应该从小时候就被教导自己照顾自己。本题考查情态动词的被动语态，