1、按其持续性可分为延续性和非延续性动词。 1.不及物动词 (1)本身意义完整,后面不需跟宾语的实义动词,叫作不及物动词。如:He is jumping. 常见不及物动词有:swim游泳,cry哭,stand站,lie躺,sit坐,stay停留,flow流淌,happen发生,rise升起、站起,fall掉、落下,die死,walk走。 (2)有些动词既可以用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词。 Have you started reading? When will we start?你们开始阅读了吗,我们什么时候开始? (3)有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成动词短语,它的作用就相当于一个及物
2、动词,也叫短语动词。主要有五种形式:动词+介词;动词+副词;动词+副词+介词;动词+名词+介词;be+形容词+介词。 2.及物动词 及物动词术身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。其结构有: 宾语 如:How long may I keep the book(宾语),这本书我可以借多久? 及物动词 + 宾语+宾语补足语 如:I saw the children(宾语)play(宾补)this afternoon. 间接宾语+直接宾语 如:Please pass me(间接宾语)the salt(直接宾语)。核心题根1 (1)Hows Bob now? -I hear the company
3、 him a very good job, but he turned it down. A. donated B. served C. offered D. introduced 思路点拨:donate“捐赠”; serve“招待”;offer“提供”;introduce“介绍”。offer sb sth“给某人提供某物”,是固定结构。 (2) The Chinese national womens badminton team the Japanese team by 3:1 in India on May 24. A. won B. lost C. beat D. missedwin“赢
4、得”,其后常接比赛的奖品或获得的荣誉;lose“输掉(比赛、战斗、争论等)”;beat“击败,战胜”,后接表示人或团队的名词;miss“错过”。空格后的宾语the Japanese team为表示团体的名词。句意为“5月24日,中国国家女子羽毛球队在印度以3:1战胜日本队”。 同类变式1 (1) Parents often their children some good advice. A. offer; with B. offer; / C. provide; with D. both B and C (2)(安徽中考)I dont the heat, for Im used to hot
5、 weather A. like B. mind C. know D. stand (3) The bag was very good, and she 30 percent down for it. A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent方法技巧 动词是英语句子的核心,可以说“得动词,得英语”。学习动词要注意两点: 在词汇意义上汉语与英语的思维差异。 动词与其他词的习惯搭配。如interest(v.使感兴趣),其主语是sth,而不是sb。 English interests me.=Im interested in English. 再如不同的“看”:精彩笔记2
6、 及物动词(短语)+直接宾语+间接宾语 (1)英语中有些动词可以带两个宾语,这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。He lent me a book.他借给我一本书。动词后面带有表示动作结果的直接宾语(a book)和表示动作目标的间接宾语me。 Please tell me how the accident came about.请告诉我事故是怎样发生的。(me为间接宾语,how引导的宾语从句为直接宾语。) (2)间接宾语在大多数情况下位于直接宾语之前,如果间接宾语在后,间接宾语之前必须加“to”(表示动作对什么人而做)或“for”(表示为什么人而做)。 He sent me a card=He
7、sent a card to me. She bought me a coat. =She bought a coat for me.核心题根2 把下列句子改为同义句。 (1)He paid the shopkeeper some money. (2)He handed me the prize. (3)The waiter brought a bottle of beer to the man. (4)He sold all his books to me. (5)The shop assistant found some curtain material for me. (6)He did
8、 me a big favour. (7)She showed her husband her new hat. (8)She promised a reward to the finder. (9)He gave his son some advice.考查双宾语的结构和用法。及物动词(短语)+间接宾语+直接宾语=及物动词(短语)+直接宾语+to/for十间接宾语。 同类变式2改写下列句子,句子的意思不变。 (1)His uncle left him some money. (2)He is teaching English to us. (3)I bought this bunch of
9、flowers for you. (4)Bring that book to me please. (5)He offered me a cigarette. (6)Read me the first paragraph. (7)Ive ordered some soup for you. (8)I owe him a lot of money. (9)Pass the mustard to your father.知识归纳 (1)指人的间接宾语在指物的直接宾语后面时,间接宾语前需加for的动词有:buy买,find找到 ,keep保留,make做,draw画,choose选择,save保存,
10、paint用颜料画。Ill buy some flowers for my mother。 (2)指人的间接宾语在指物的直接宾语后面时,间接宾语前需加to的动词有:bring带来,pass递,give给,hand递,post寄,return返还,teach教,show出示,wish祝愿,tell告诉,sell卖,promise许诺,read读。 (3)什么是宾语?动作的承受者叫宾语,一般在谓语动词之后。可以充当宾语的有:名词、代词、数词、名词化形容词与副词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、宾语从句等。精彩笔记3 及物动词十宾语+宾语补足语 “宾语+宾语补足语”构成了复合宾语,宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻
11、辑上的主谓关系。 We all find him a nice boy.我们都发现他是一个不错的男孩。( him为宾语,a nice boy为宾补) (1)形容词作宾语补足语,说明宾语的状态或特生,前面常见的动词有make, keep, get, find, wish, leave,see,prove,consider,set等。 Who left the window open,谁把窗户开着的? (2)名词作宾语补足语,说明宾语的身份或情况。前面常见的动词有call, name, make, elect, think, find,consider等。 They made him captai
12、n of the ship.他们选他当了船长。 (3)不定式作宾语补足语,表示宾语所代表的人和物所做的动作。 They forbade her to leave the country.他们禁止她离开这个国家。 (4)现在分词作宾语补足语表示宾语正在进行的动作,过去分词作宾语补足语表示与宾语之间的被动关系。 I found my teacher working at the desk.我发现老师IE伏案工作。 He raised his voice to make himself heard.他提高声音让别人听到他(说的话)。 拓展常接v. -ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有see, watch
13、, hear, observe, notice, feel, find等感官动词和look at, listen to等动词短语以及have, keep, get, make等使役动词。 (5)介词短语或副词作宾语补足语。 Please make yourself at home.请随便一点。 I found him in /out.我发现他在家/不在家。核心题根3 (1) The mother felt herself cold and her hands trembled(颤抖)as she read the letter from the battlefield(战场). A. grow
14、 B. grown C. to grow D. to have grown本题考查feel后跟不定式作宾语补足语时省略“t0”。句意:当这位母亲看着战场上的来信时,感觉浑身发凉,双手颤抖。 (2) I smell something in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? A. burning B. burnt C. being burnt D. to be burnt考查现在分词作宾语补足语。我闻到厨房里有什么东西烧焦了。我一分钟后再打电话给你好吗?分析句子结构可知something是smell的宾语,而空白处的词是something的补足语。something与“burn燃烧”之间是主动关系。现在分词作宾语补足语,表示主动关系,且与句子的谓语同时发生,且正在进行。 (3) A good story
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