化学专业词汇Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、阿伏加德罗常数Avogadro?constant（abbr.?NA）?摩尔?mole?摩尔质量?molar?mass?实验式/最简式/经验式?empirical?气体摩尔体积?volume?阿伏加德罗定律?Avogadros?Law?溶液?solution?溶解?dissolve?浓度?concentration?质量/体积分数?mass/volume?浓缩?concentrate?稀释?dilute?蒸馏?distillation?萃取?extraction?化学反应方程式?chemical?equation?反应物?reactant?生成物?product?固体?solid?液体?liqu

2、id气体?gaseous?aqueous配平?balance化学计量学?stoichiometry酸?acid?碱?base/alkali?（refers?to?soluble?bases）?盐?salt?酸式盐?离子方程式?ionic?结晶水?water?crystallisation?水合的?hydrated?无水的?anhydrous滴定?titration?指示剂?indicator?氧化数?oxidation?number?氧化还原反应?redox?reaction?氧化反应?还原反应?reduction?歧化反应?disproportionation?归中反应comproporti

3、onation（symproportionation）氧化剂?oxidising?agent?还原剂?reducing?电子层（壳）?（electron）?shell?电离能?ionisation?energy（abbr.?.）?第一， 第二，第三等电离能first,second,third,etc.?1st,2nd,3rd,etc.?电子亲和能?electron?affinity?屏蔽效应?electronic?shielding（screening）?原子轨道?orbital?电子云?cloud?电子亚层?sub-shell?能层?layer?能级?energy?level?电子排布?co

4、nfiguration?电子云重叠?overlap?洪特规则?Hunds?rule?泡利原理?Pauli?exclusion?principle?基态?ground?state?激发态?excited?state跃迁?transition?手性?chirality?kai?-?化学键?bond?键长?length?键级?order?键角?angle?键能?enthalpies?离子键?bond供体?donor?受体?acceptor?静电吸引?electrostatic?attraction?巨型离子结构?giant?structure?共价键?covalentk?ve?nt?巨型共价结构?c

5、ovalent?共用电子对?shared?pair/bonding?pair?孤对电子?lone?pair/non-bonding?键?-bond?键?-bond?键?-bond?极性共价键?polar?非极性共价键?non-polar?配位键?dipolar?bond/dative?bond/coordinate?电负性?electronegativity极性?polarity?偶极子?dipole?分子间作用力?intermolecular?forces?氢键?hydrogen?范德华力?van?der?Waals?force?色散力?dispersion?诱导力?induction?取向

6、力?orientation?force/dipole-dipole?金属键?metallic?离域?delocalisation?di:,l?uk?laizei?延展性?malleability?,m?b?ti可锻性?ductility?d?kt?导电性?electrical?conductivity?合金?alloy?元素周期表?the?Periodic?Table?周期?period?族?group?原子序数?同位素?isotope?s?p?核素?nuclide?nju?kla?d同量异位素?isobar（?）b?金属?metal?非金属?nonmetal?碱金属?alkali?碱土金属?

7、alkaline?earth?卤素?halogen?稀有气体?noble?gas?元素周期律?periodic?trends?活泼?active?稳定?分解反应?decomposition?化合反应?combination（synthesis）?取代反应?displacement?复分解反应?metathesism?sis?reaction/double?replacement（displacement）?沉淀?precipitation?pr?,s?p?te?）n官能团?functional?碳氢化合物/烃?hydrocarbon?饱和烃?saturated?不饱和烃?unsaturated

8、?脂肪烃?aliphatic,?f?k?hydrocarbon脂环烃?alicyclic?sa?kl?k; hrdrocarbon?同系物?homologoush?m?g?sseries?异构现象?isomerism?ais?riz?m?同分异构体?isomeride?airaid?同素异形体?allotropy/allotropism?分子式?通式?general?结构式?displayed?结构简式?structural?键线式?skeletal?均裂?homolytic?fission?异裂?heterolytic?亲核试剂?nucleophile?njukli?fail?亲电子试剂?e

9、lectrophile?加成反应?addition?加水加成?hydration?加成聚合反应?polymerisation?聚合物?polymer?单体?monomer?链节?repeat?unit?缩合聚合反应?condensation?reaction缩聚物?substitution?脱水?dehydration?水解?hydrolysis?卤代反应?halogenation?酯化反应?esterification?亲核取代?nucleophilic?消去反应?elimination?裂化反应?cracking?（reaction）?石油分馏?fractional?燃烧?combusti

10、on发酵?fermentation?氟氯烃?chlorofluorocarbons?产率?percentage?yield?原子利用率?economy?红外光谱学?infrared?spectroscopy?质谱分析?光谱?spectrum?挥发性?volatility?冷凝回流?reflux?反应机理?mechanism?能量守恒定律?law?conservation?热力学?thermodynamic?:udai?焓?enthalpy（abbr.?H）?enlpi?焓变?enthalpy?change（abbr.?H）?标准焓?standard?H?）?标准反应焓?Hr?燃烧热?heat?combustion?标准燃烧焓?change?combustion（abbr.?Hc?标准生成焓?formation（abbr.?Hf?放热反应?exothermiceks?u?吸热反应?endothermic?热化学方程式?thermochemical?活化能?activation?energy（abbe.?Ea）?比热容?specific?capacity?键焓?平均键焓?average?盖斯定律?Hess?有效碰撞理论?collision?theory?反应速率?rate?reaction/reaction?rate反应动力学?react