1、 Philwho/thatesfromEnglandisanactiveboy. Thedoctor(who/whom)Davidsawatthehospitaltoldmetostopsmoking. WepassedsomeshopswhosewindowsweredecoratedforChristmas. Isthisthebook(that/which)heislookingfor? 重点 1.that,who和which在从句中作主语时不可省略,作宾语时可省略。(但whom/which前有介词时,whom/which不能省略) e.g.Theman(who/whom)myfathe
2、ristalkingwithismyteacher. Themanwithwhommyfatheristalkingismyteacher. 2关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时可跟介词一起放在先行词后面;为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词,也可把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。但固定短语中的介词不要放在先行词前(如lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等) e.g.Theboywho(m)sheislookingafterisherauntschild. 3.that与which先行词都可指物,that与who/whom先行词都可指人,很多情况可互换使用,但也有区别。 A.只用th
3、at不用which的情况 1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时。 e.g.IminterestedineverythingthatIdontknow. 2)当先行词被(the)only,thevery,thelast,all,some,any,no,every,little,few,much等修饰时。 e.g.Thereisnodifficultythatwecantovere. 3)先行词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰时或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。 e.g.T
4、hefirstlessonthatweregoingtolearnisverydifficult. 4)先行词为两个及两个以上分别表示人和物的名词时。 e.g.Weknownothingaboutthedoctorsandthehospitalsthatyouaretalkingabout. 5)当主语是以who或which开始的疑问句时。 e.g.Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow? 6)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 e.g.Thevillageisnolongerthepoorplacethatitusedtobe. 7)先行词有thesame修饰,先行词和关系代
5、词指同一物时。 e.g.ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday. B.只用which不用that的情况 1)关系代词前有介词时。 e.g.Thisistheroominwhichwelivedlastyear. 2)引导非限制性定语从句时。 e.g.Hisdog,whichwasveryold,becameillanddied. 3)先行词后有插入语时。 e.g.Hereisthegrammarbookwhich,asIvetoldyou,willhelpimproveourEnglish. 4)先行词本身是that时。 e.g.Whatsthatwhichfla
6、shedintheskyjustnow? C.先行词指人,但只用who不用that的情况。 1)先行词是指人的不定代词时,如one,someone,anyone,noone,all,nobody,none,those等。 e.g.Thosewhoareagainstputupyourhands. 2)当先行词是一个限定性的表示人的特定名词时。 e.g.Theauntwhocametoseemelastweekismyfatherssister. 3)当先行词有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中。 e.g.Mr.Whiteisingsoonwhowillgiveusatalk. 4)whose
7、+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom e.g.Weliveintheroom,whosewindowisbroken.(=thewindowofwhichisbroken.) 注意:which与whose作定语时的区别 which只用于非限制性定语从句,仅指物,且要修饰对先行词起概括作用的泛指名词;“whose+n.”与先行词不表示同一事物或情况。 e.g.MaryisstudyingChinese,whichknowledgeisimportantnow. ThemanwhosewifeisahousewifeisfromFrance. 难点:关系代词as引导的定语从句 as既可引
8、导限制性定语从句,也可引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 引导限制性定语从句,常用于以下句式。 1)such+n.+as:“像.一样的” thesame+n.+as:“和同样的”(指同类异物,同类同物用that) e.g.Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected. Iwanttobuythesamecellphoneasyoubought. Thesamecustomerthatcamehereyesterdayishereagain. 2)suchas such意为“这样的人或物”,修饰先行词such. e.g.T
9、hisbookisnotsuchasIexpect. 关系代词as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限制性定语从句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可插入主句中,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容,而不是主句中的某一个词。 e.g.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth. 3当定语从句放在主句后面时,也并非as永远等于which。 1)当非限制性定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只用which。 e.g.Hecamehereverylate,w
10、hichwasunexpected(notexpected). 2)当as在从句中作主语时,后面常跟动词的被动式。如beknown,besaid,bereported,beannounced等。若从句中动词是主动式,一般用which作主语。 e.g.Shesbeenabsentagain,asisexpected. Tomhasmadegreatprogress,whichmakesusveryhappy. 3)当非限制性定语从句的谓语是一个复合结构时,只能用which引导定语从句。 e.g.Bettyalwaystellsalie,whichherparentsfindstrange. 4)
11、as多用于下列习惯用语中: asanybodycanseeasiswell-known=asisknowntoall aswehadexpectedasoftenhappens ashasbeensaidbeforeasismentionedabove as(it)seemslikelyas(it)pointedout asIremember(it)asIunderstand(it) as(it)appears e.g.Jackhaswonthefirstprize,asitoftenhappens. 三关系副词引导的定语从句 1.先行词在定语从句中作状语时,要用关系副词。 1)先行词是“时间
12、词语”,用when引导定语从句。when=表时间的介词(in,at,during等)+which e.g.Istillrememberthedaywhen(=onwhich)Ijoinedthearmy. 2)先行词是“地点词语”,用where引导定语从句。where=表地点的介词(in,at,on,under等)+which e.g.Canyoutellmetheofficewhere(=inwhich)heworks? 3)先行词是reason时,用why引导定语从句。why=forwhich e.g.Thereasonwhy(=forwhich)hedidntattendthemeeti
13、ngwasthathewasill. 高考对where的考查 where从先行词为明显的“地点”转为“地点的模糊化”。即,当先行词表示某人/物的situation,或某事所发展的stage,或表达某事的某个方面的都可用where这个关系副词。 e.g.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheyhavetoseparatewitheachother. 四关系代词与关系副词的比较 技巧:分析句子结构,看表时间或地点的先行词在定语从句中是作状语还是作主语和宾语。 看定语从句的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词,或者是不及物动词+介词 e.g.Thisistheplaceheworke
14、d. Thecitywevisitediswellknown. Doyouknowthereasonheisabsent. Ididntbelievethereasonhegaveme. Wellneverforgetthedaywespentinthevillage. Wellneverforgetthedayweworkedinthevillage. ThehousewestayedinbelongedtoMr.Black. ThehouseinwestayedbelongedtoMr.Black. 五限制性与非限制性定语从句 1.区别 限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用;而非限制性定语从句
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1