秦咸阳历史文物陈列大纲文档格式.docx

1、秦帝国仅存15年而亡，秦都咸阳的帝王宫殿也被项羽纵火焚烧，化为焦土。但帝国留下的文物典章制度，却对后世产生了深远的影响。它的声名秦（chin），甚至远播昔日的希腊和罗马，成为今天英语及其他非汉语国家china（中国）同源名称的原型。20世纪50年代末至90年代中期，考古工作者在咸阳市渭水以北西起塔尔坡东至柏家咀的广阔区域内，发现并发掘了大面积的秦宫殿遗址、手工业作坊遗址和秦人墓地。正是近40年的考古工作，我们才能凭借这些大地留下的丰厚的文化遗存，去构想秦咸阳当年壮阔的景象。 PREFACEXianyang was a famous historical capital.The king,Qin

2、 Xiao Gong built the city of Xianyang in 350BC,which had been the capital for over 140 years.During more than one century,the state Qin intruded on Hexi in the east（belonging to the state of Wei in the west of Yellow River） and conquered Bashu in the south （the Sichuan basin）.Then,it became one of t

3、he seven powerful states in the Warring States Period.In221BC,the king, Yingzhen eliminated the other six states and founded the first united and centralized empire in chinese history.Xianyang turned into the centre of politics,economy and culture of the Qin empire.The Qin empire was destroyed 15 ye

4、ars later,the Qin palace in Xianyang was burned down by Xiangyu,but its relics and regulations remained and exerted significant influence on the following dynasties.From the end of 1950s till the middle of 1990s,the archaeological staff discovered and excavated a large numbers of sites of the Qin pa

5、laces,handicraft workshops,and tombs in Xianyang.Based on the 40-year-archaeology-research and the rich cultural remains,we can figure out the splendid prospect of Xianyang in the Qin Dynasty. 一 展 厅 辅助展版（一）一展厅总说明秦人信史始于非子。公元前897年，非子居 犬丘（今甘肃天水一带），为周王室养马汧渭。公元前770年，周平王东迁，秦封诸侯，始立国。公元前350年，建城咸阳，次年徙都。公元前34

6、9 前338年，商鞅继续实行变法，国力日强。公元前221年，嬴正统一六国，称始皇帝，结束了春秋战国（前770前221）五个半世纪分封割据的局面。Fei zi （who was a chieftain of Qin people in history） lived in Quanqiu（in Gansu province） ,and raised horses for the royal family of the western Zhou Dynasty along the Qian and Wei River in 897BC. In 770BC,the state Qin was foun

7、ded. In 350BC,the city of Xianyang was built and became the capital next year. From 349BC to 338BC,Shangyang （ a politician） kept his reforms,so its national strength became much stronger day by day. In 221BC,the king,Yingzhen united the whole land,which called him the first emperor,and so he ended

8、the separate situation lasted for five and a half century from 770BC to 221BC.展品：石鼓（2件） 1、高65厘米 底径73厘米 2、高56厘米 宽75厘米展品说明牌：石鼓及铭文20世纪70年代北京故宫博物院复制咸阳博物馆藏石鼓文刻于秦襄公时期（前777前766），是中国现存最早的石刻文字。因镌于十个鼓形石腹壁而得名。每鼓铭刻记述秦国君游猎四言诗一首。石鼓唐初发现于陕西陈仓（今宝鸡石鼓山）原石现藏北京故宫博物院。Stone Drum with InscriptionCopied by Beijing Palace Mu

9、seum in 1970sCollected in Xianyang MuseumInscriptions on drum-shaped stone blocks formed in the period of Qin Xiang Gong,and it were the earliest writings which remained on stone blocks in china. On each drum,there was a piece of poem about hunting of the Qin kings.They were discovered in Chengcang

10、in Shannxi province at the beginning of the Tang Dynasty.The geniune ones were collected in Beijing Palace Museum.凤鸟铭文铜鼎 高20厘米 腹径18厘米羽人凤鸟纹铜钫 高12.3厘米 底径4.5厘米窃曲纹铜鼎 高17.5厘米 宽19.5厘米凤鸟铭文铜鼎西周中期西周中期（前976前876），秦人生活于渭水上游，过着半游牧的生活。秦人早期的青铜器完全是西周样式，春秋（前770前476）秦器仍保留着西周的装饰风格。Bronze Tripod with InscriptionIn the

11、Middle of Western Zhou DynastyCollected in Xianyany MuseumIn the middle of Western Zhou Dynasty,people of the state Qin lived a half nomadic life along upper reachs of the Wei river.The early bronze-ware of the state Qin were completely the pattern of the Western Zhou Dynasty,until the Spring and Au

12、tumn Period,it still kept that kind of decorative style.羽人凤鸟纹铜钫春秋咸阳任家咀出土Bronze square vessel with a winged man and pheonix figure In the Spring and Autumn PeriodExcavated from Renjiazui Village in Xianyang窃曲纹铜鼎宝鸡青铜器博物馆藏Bronze TripodIn the Spring and AutumnCollected in Baoji Bronze-ware Museum工师初铜壶战国

13、早期咸阳塔儿坡出土Bronze Vessel with InscriptionIn the Early Warring States PeriodExcavated in Xianyang雍工敃铜壶辅助展版（二）传秦人犬丘放马场（照片） Ranch Raising Horses of Qin People in Quanqiu in Legend.鹿纹瓦当 直径13厘米树木禽兽纹瓦当 直径13.6厘米骑马俑（2件） 1、长18厘米 宽 7厘米 高22.6厘米 2、长18.4厘米 宽7.4厘米 高22厘米鹿纹瓦当 20世纪60年代陕西历史博物馆复制鹿纹瓦当多出土于陕西凤翔一带，此地古称雍，公元前

14、677年，秦德公建都雍城。鹿纹反映了先秦时期秦人居住的地理环境和秦人早期的游猎生活。Eaves Tile with Deer FigureCopied by Shannxi History MuseumEaves tile with deer figure was excavated from the region of Fengxiang in Shannxi province. Fengxiang was named Yong in ancient china. In 677BC,the king, Qin De Gong made the city his capital. Deer figure indicated the geographical environment and their hunting life in pre-Qin times.树木禽兽纹瓦当20世纪60年代秦遗址区采集咸阳博物馆藏 Eaves Tile with