最新整理细菌内毒素USP教学提纲Word下载.docx

1、Portions of this general chapter have been harmonized with the corresponding texts of theEuropean Pharmacopoeiaand/or theJapanese Pharmacopoeia. Those portions that are not harmonized are marked with symbols （） to specify this fact.这一章节已经和欧洲药典（EP）与日本药典（JP）统一。没有统一的部分已经用标记出来。The Bacterial Endotoxins T

2、est （BET） is a test to detect or quantify endotoxins from Gram-negative bacteria using amoebocyte lysate from the horseshoe crab （Limulus polyphemusorTachypleus tridentatus）.细菌内毒素检查法（BET）是通过鲎的阿米巴细胞溶解产物来检测或定量来自革兰氏阴性菌的内毒素。There are three techniques for this test: the gel-clot technique, which is based

3、 on gel formation; the turbidimetric technique, based on the development of turbidity after cleavage of an endogenous substrate; and the chromogenic technique, based on the development of color after cleavage of a synthetic peptide-chromogen complex. Proceed by any of the three techniques for the te

4、st. In the event of doubt or dispute, the final decision is made based upon the gel-clot technique unless otherwise indicated in the monograph for the product being tested. The test is carried out in a manner that avoids endotoxin contamination.细菌内毒素检查法有3种：凝胶法，基于凝胶的形成；浊度法，BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS TEST U

5、SP32Portions of this general chapter have been harmonized with the corresponding texts of the European Pharmacopeia and/or the Japanese Pharmacopeia. Those portions that are not harmonized are marked with symbols （This chapter provides a test to detect or quantify bacterial endotoxins that may be pr

6、esent in or on the sample of the article（s） to which the test is applied. It uses Limulus Amebocyte Lysate （LAL） obtained from the aqueous extracts of circulating amebocytes of horseshoe crab （Limulus polyphemusTachypleus tridentatus） which has been prepared and characterized for use as an LAL Reage

7、nt.1There are two types of techniques for this test: the gel-clot techniques, which are based on gel formation, and the photometric techniques. The latter include a turbidimetric method, which is based on the development of turbidity after cleavage of an endogenous substrate, and a chromogenic metho

8、d, which is based on the development of color after cleavage of a synthetic peptide-chromogen complex. Proceed by any one of these techniques, unless otherwise indicated in the monograph. In case of dispute, the final decision is based on the gel-clot techniques, unless otherwise indicated in the mo

9、nograph.In the gel-clot techniques, the reaction endpoint is determined from dilutions of the material under test in direct comparison with parallel dilutions of a reference endotoxin, and quantities of endotoxin are expressed in USP Endotoxin Units （USP-EU）.NOTEOne USP-EU is equal to one IU of endo

10、toxin.Because LAL Reagents have been formulated to be used also for turbidimetric or colorimetric tests, such tests may be used to comply with the requirements. These tests require the establishment of a standard regression curve; the endotoxin content of the test material is determined by interpola

11、tion from the curve. The procedures include incubation for a preselected time of reacting endotoxin and control solutions with LAL Reagent and reading of the spectrophotometric light absorbance at suitable wavelengths. In the endpoint turbidimetric procedure the reading is made immediately at the en

12、d of the incubation period. In the endpoint colorimetric procedure the reaction is arrested at the end of the preselected time by the addition of an enzyme reaction-terminating agent prior to the readings. In the turbidimetric and colorimetric kinetic assays the absorbance is measured throughout the

13、 reaction period and rate values are determined from those readings.APPARATUS AND GLASSWAREDepyrogenate all glassware and other heat-stable materials in a hot-air oven using a validated process.2Commonly used minimum time and temperature settings are 30 minutes at 250. If employing plastic apparatus

14、, such as microplates and pipet tips for automatic pipetters, use only that which has been shown to be free of detectable endotoxin and not to interfere with the test.NOTEIn this chapter, the term “tube” includes any other receptacle such as a micro-titer well.PREPARATION OF THE STANDARD ENDOTOXIN S

15、TOCK SOLUTION AND STANDARD SOLUTIONSTheUSP Endotoxin RShas a defined potency of 10,000 USP Endotoxin Units （EU） per vial. Constitute the entire contents of 1 vial of the RSE with 5 mL of LAL Reagent Water3, mix intermittently for 30 minutes, using a vortex mixer, and use this concentrate for making

16、appropriate serial dilutions. Preserve the concentrate in a refrigerator for making subsequent dilutions for not more than 14 days. Mix vigorously, using a vortex mixer, for not less than 3 minutes before use. Mix each dilution for not less than 30 seconds before proceeding to make the next dilution. Do not store dilutions, because of