新初二八年级讲义第7次课 学生Word格式文档下载.docx

1、名词详解 考点归纳1可数名词的复数变化1） 规则变化（1） 大多数都直接在名词后加-s。（2） 以-s , -x , -ch , -sh结尾的名词加-es。（3） 以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys，days；但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies，flies，libraries; 以辅音字母+y结尾的专有名词直接加-s，如Marys，Henrys等。（4） 以-o结尾的名词，大多数在词尾加-s，如bamboos，radios，photos，kilos，但也有少数加-es，如potatoes，tomatoes，heroes; 而zero两种形式均可。（5）

2、-f，-fe结尾的名词，大部分将-f，-fe改成v，再加-es，如knives，halves，thieves, shelves，leaves，wives，wolves；但也有少数直接加-s，如roofs，beliefs，safes；而handkerchief和scarf两种均可。背记小口诀：妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去砍狼（wolf），小偷（thief）吓得发了慌； 躲在架（shelf）下保己（self）命（life），半（half）片树叶（leaf）遮面包（loaf）。2） 不规则变化（1） 单复数同形sheep，fish，deer，Chinese，Japanese。（2） 变内部元

3、音man men，tooth teeth，mouse mice，foot feet，goose geese。（3） 其他形式。childchildren ox oxen grown-up grown-ups passer-by passers-by brother-in-law brothers-in-lawman与woman作定语修饰的名词改为复数时，两者都要改为复数，如：two women doctors，many men leaders。3） 特殊的复数形式（1） 只有复数，没有单数形式。如：trousers裤子，clothes衣服，shorts短裤，goods商品，glasses眼镜，

4、shoes鞋子等。（2） 集合名词不能用具体的数字修饰，只能在其前加the表示全体，如：the police，the English，the people，动词也用复数形式，但family，class，team，group等集合名词，若指整体，看作单数形式，若指其中的成员，则看作复数形式，动词也应该有相应变化。注意：可数名词的量可以用many，few，a few，a（large/great） number of，a great/ good many等来修饰，而some，several，any，enough，most，a lot of，lots of，plenty of，a largesmall

5、 quantity of等既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。2不可数名词（1）不可数名词一般只有单数形式，前面不能直接加冠词，但在一些固定短语中有些不可数名词也可转化为可数名词，如have a good time，a heavy rain，a strong wind等。（2）不可数名词可以用much，little，a little，a great deal of，a large/small amount等来修饰，当这些做主语时，主要看量的单位形式决定其谓语动词的单复数。 3常以复数形式出现的名词People（人），clothes（衣服），trousers（裤子），police（警察），

6、glasses（眼镜），这些名词做主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语要用复数。4. 复数形式的单数名词有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。news（消息），maths（数学），physics（物理），No news is good news5. 名词的所有格（1） 名词所有格一般都是在结尾加 s，如Kates，但以-s结尾的复数，只加“ ”，如Teachers Day; of+名词用来表示无生命东西的所有关系，如the problem of the Americans。但表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词，所有格也有s的形式，如two days t

7、rip。（2） 当某物为两人共有时，名词所有格为A+ Bs。而当某物为各人所有时为As+Bs。（3） 双重属格则指：of 属格+名词所有格名词性物主代词，如a cousin of my fathers，a friend of mine。考题精讲【例1】In her letter, Aunt Huang told us many _ about her visit to Egypt.A. news B. stories C. information D. truth【解析】many只能修饰可数名词的复数，而A、C和D均为不可数名词，因此正确答案为B。【例 2】They bought some _

8、 at the supermarket yesterday. （potato） （2008中考）【解析】potato是可数名词，some既可修饰可数名词的复数，又可修饰不可数名词，而potato是以o结尾的特殊类型加-es，所以应填potatoes【例3】Shanghai is one of the biggest _ in the world. （city） 【解析】以元音字母+y结尾的名词加-s，如boys, days但以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，先变y为i，再加-es，如babies, flies, libraries；而city属于后者，因此正确答案为cities。【例4】Its ove

9、r _ from Shanghai to Nanjing. A. three hours drive B. three hours driveC. three hours drives D. three hours drive【解析】三小时开车的路程，表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词，所有格也有s的形式，因此选A.考点精练. Choose the best answer1. We can get more _ about the international affairs on the Internet than before. A. information B. book C. re

10、port D. progress2. If you have any problems, you can ask your parents to give you _. A. a piece advice B. an advice C. some advice D. some advices3. Bret, an old friend of _ , has decided to give up drinking because he is a driver now. A. my father B. my fathers C. my fathers D. my fathers4. Could y

11、ou tell me when _ is? Yes, its on the third Sunday in June.A. Mothers Day B. Fathers DayC. Tree Planting Day D. Thanksgiving Day5. _ tourists will come to visit Shanghais during World Expo 2010. A. Much B. Quite a lotC. A great deal of D. A great number of6. All the _ teachers and _ students are hav

12、ing an important meeting now.A. women; girl B. woman; girl C. women; girls D. woman; girls7. The wind, together with the rain and fog, _ making sailing difficult.A. have been B. was C. / D. are8. The singer and dancer _ our party this evening.A. was going to be in B. are going to be inC. were going

13、to be in D. is going to be in9. _ fun it is to surf on a windy day!A. How a B. What a C. What D. How10. Ill give you _ to finish the work.A. two-weeks time B. two weeks timeC. two week time D. two weeks timeReading ComprehensionA. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage （选择最恰当的单词或词语

14、完成短文） Have you ever offered a helping hand to those who are in trouble? One day, two _ （1） were walking along the road to school when they saw an old woman carrying a large basket of pears. They thought the woman looked very _ （2）. They went up to her and said, “Are you going to town? If you are, we will help carry your basket.” “Thank you,” _ （3） the woman, “you are very kind. You see Im weak and ill.” Then she told them that she was now going to market to _ （4） the pears which grew on the only tree in her little garden. “We are all going to the _ （5）.” said the boys. “Let us have t