1、关于辨别名词的错误应注意名词本身是可数名词还是不可数名词,同时应根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数形式来判断名词的单复数。此外,还应检查句子中的名词是否有格和名词前限定词用法等方面的错误。(1) We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English Club (福建)【解析】应把weekend改为weekends。根据several可知,此处weekend应用其复数形式。(2) And I came to understand that was not easy to earn money, and that kn
2、owledges could change my life. (辽宁)【解析】应把knowledges改为knowledge。knowledge是不可数名词,在句中应用其单数形式。(3) The play tells humorous stories that happen in the Greens family. (重庆)【解析】去掉the。此处泛指格林一家无须再加定冠词the。(4) and read the daily newspapers, magazines and the other books (湖北)此处泛指其他书本,故应去掉the。(5) As everyone knows
3、, its famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 【解析】此处意为“一座名山”,含有数量“一座”的意思,故famous mountain前应加不定冠词a。3. 动词用法方面的错误不规则动词的过去式、过去分词形式错误,特别注意几组易混淆的词,如:bear(忍受) / bear(生育);find / found (建立);fall / fell(砍倒);lie(躺) / lie(说谎) / lay;hang(挂) / hang(绞死)等的过去式与过去分词。非谓语动词用法的选择,特别是充当状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语时是用过去分词
4、还是现在分词(取决于主语、名词中心词与宾语的关系);在 to 后是用不定式还是动名词(取决于to是介词还是小品词);以及在并列结构中后面动词的形式,必须与第一个动词保持一致。谓语动词时态形式的选择,是现在时还是过去时还是其他时态;情态动词和 will(would), shall (should) 等助动词后面的动词形式的选择(只能用原形)。(1) I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or also each day. (全国卷)【解析】结合上一行,followed her advice和put down应是并列谓语,shoul
5、d用于此处显然是画蛇添足。(2)and I wonder if youll free then so we could chat about the good older days. (山东)【解析】应在free前加be。Youll是you will的缩写形式,其后不可直接接形容词作表语,必须加系动词be才能构成系表结构。(3)曲Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. (陕西)【解析】应在wanted后加不定式符号to。want表示“想要”的时候不能直接接动词原形作宾语,而必须接带to的不定式作宾语。4. 动词非谓语形式
6、方面的错误辨别非谓语动词的常见错误时需要注意以下几点。看介词后接的是否是动名词;检查某些特定动词的后面只可接动名词的(如advise, admit, avoid, allow, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, include, mention, miss, mind, practise, prevent, quit, resist, risk, stand, suggest, understand等)是否误用了不定式;检查某些特定动词的后面只可接带to的不定式的(如ask, afford, agree, deci
7、de, demand, dare, expect, fail, happen, hope, hesitate, manage, offer, ought, plan, intend, prepare, pretend, wish, refuse, promise等)是否误用了动名词;检查某些特定词的后面只跟不带to的不定式的(如had better, would rather, rather than等)是否多加to;检查需要用动词不定式的一般式的是否误用了其完成式;检查需要用动词不定式的完成式的是否误用了其一般式;检查句子中需要用现在分词作状语的是否误用了过去分词;检查句子中需要用过去分词的
8、是否误用了现在分词;当不定式作宾语,且后面又有宾语补足语时,检查是否漏用it作形式宾语,因为这时通常将不定式后置了;注意区分几组特别的动词的-ing形式和过去分词之间的不同,如surprising(令人吃惊的),surprised(感到惊讶的);interesting(令人感兴趣的),interested(感兴趣的);disappointing(令人失望的),disappointed(感到失望的);encouraging(令人鼓舞的),encouraged(感到鼓舞的)。(1) Besides, the foreign teachers here work hard and try his b
9、est to make the activities lively and interested. (福建)【解析】应把interested改为interesting。activities(活动)应该是“令人感兴趣”的才对,故此处要将interested改成interesting。(2) I really enjoy study because Im growing old and know what I want it. (陕西)【解析】应把study改为studying。enjoy后通常接动名词而非不定式作宾语。(3) My father was so pleasing that he s
10、uggested I go to England for a holiday. (全国卷I)【解析】应把pleasing改为pleased。由于主语是my father,所以要用过去分词。(4) I just Want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. (天津)【解析】应把becoming改为become。help后不接动名词作宾语,而是接动词不定式作宾语。(5) Wed better not to miss the chance to enjoy it. (重庆)【解析】应去掉not后面的to。had bette
11、r后接不带to的不定式作宾语。(6) and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. 【解析】应在make前加to,make在此处并非做谓语,而应该是不定式作目的状语,符号to不可省。 (7) But then there are always more mysteries look into.【解析】应在look前加to,此处应该用不定式作定语,修饰mysteries,故look into前缺to。(8) We are looking forward to see you on the birthday part
12、y.【解析】短语look forward to中的to是介词,其后应接动名词,故应将see改为seeing。(9) Im sorry I keep you wait for a long time. I got caught in the traffic.【解析】在任何情况下keep均和doing连用,如keep doing sth, keep sb(sth) doing sth, keepfrom doing等。(10) Id like to your pen friend, and get to know more about your country.【解析】to后应加be。因为其后面是
13、名词,而不是动词原形,所以不能直接用to。5. 动词语态方面的错误辨别语态的错误应该注意以下几点。检查句子是否该用被动语态;检查句子中使用的被动语态形式是否正确;检查被动语态的时态与句子中的其他时态是否相呼应,被动语态的数是否与其主语一致。(1) Im glad to learn that youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. (山东)【解析】应去掉been。此处表示“我”已经定居某地,是主动的动作,所以此处要用现在完成时的主动语态。(2) When one stude
14、nt does so, much larger values are destroying. (重庆)【解析】应把destroying改为destroyed。价值是被破坏,故要用动词的destroy的被动语态。(3) and let you know when the book you want has returned and is ready for you to pickup.【解析】此处应该用被动语态has been returned,由于缺少助动词,变成了主动语态,造成错误。6. 时态时态方面的错误辨别时态错误要注意以下几点。在简单句中,看动词的时态是否与时间状语保持一致;当两个或两个以上的谓语共用一个主语时,看其时态是否保持一致;看由并列连词连接的两个句子其时态是否保持一致;看主语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句的时态是否与主句的时态保持一致;当定语从句和状语从句谓语表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,是否使用了相同的时态。此外,需要注意的是,当遇到宾语从句和间接引语时,如果其主句使用了过去时, 则在从句中也必须使用过去时,但是如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实和真理时,则一般用一般现在时。(1) When they came here, I will show them around
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