定语从句Word格式.docx

1、（7）介词短语 a book on the desk （8） V-ed a boy named Tom （9） V-ing a swimming pool （10） 动词不定式 Can you give me something to eat? （11） 定语从句B. B.什么是定语从句：如果定语是一个句子，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。C. C.什么是先行词：定语从句所修饰的词（n.或pron.）叫做先行词。有时定语从句可以修饰整个主句（此时定语从句为which或as引导的非限制性定语从句）。如：He passed the exam, which we hadnt expected. He p

2、assed the exam, as we had expected.定语从句一般紧跟其先行词之后，有时亦可与先行词分离。I have a picture by a famous painter which was sent to me for my birthday. 先行词为a picture, 和定语从句分离。D. D.哪些词可以引导定语从句: 共9个关系词，主要起三个作用：连接主从句；指代先行词；在定语从句中充当一个成分。具体包括：6个关系代词：that / which / as who / whom / whose3个关系副词：when / where / why 定语从句其实就是研

3、究关于这九个词的问题。注意这九个词必须在定语从句中做一定的句子成分，否则就不是定语从句。 Everyone knows the fact that the moon goes around the earth. that不在从句中做任何成分，故此句为同位语从句, that不可省略 Everyone knows the fact （that / which） you talked about. that在从句中做宾语，故此句为定语从句，可换用which或省略关系代词。 The suggestion （that / which） he thought of was reasonable. （定语从

4、句，that在从句中做宾语, 可省略） The suggestion was that he （should） leave immediately. （表语从句，that在从句中不作成分，不可省略） The suggestion that he （should） leave immediately is reasonable. （同位语从句，that在从句中不作成分，不可省略） It is my suggestion that he （should） leave immediately. （主语从句，that在从句中不作成分，不可省略）I nearly forgot the fact that

5、 he told me yesterday. （that在从句中做宾语, 定语从句）It is a fact that he was a thief. （主语从句） The fact is that he was a thief. （表语从句）The fact that he was a thief surprised everyone present. （同位语从句） E. 关系词的省略 （1）只有关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以将关系代词（that / which / who / whom）省略；（2）关系代词whose （只作定语）, 关系副词when, where, why（只作状语

6、）都不可以省略:（3） 关系代词as虽可作宾语，但as在任何情况下都不可以省略。F. 定语从句的分类 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；（2）非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加补充说明，与先行词之间的关系较为松散，和主句之间有逗号分隔。其作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明。若去掉此定语从句，句子的主旨大意仍然明确，不会引起误解和太大的歧义。This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性） The house,

7、 which we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性） （3）注意关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句；其他关系词都可引导非限制性定语从句，注意此时关系词即使作宾语也不能省略。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 作宾语，不能用that, 不能省略（非限定性定语从句）（4）当先行词为整个句子时，只能用非限制性定语从句。引导这类从句的关系代词只有as和which。其中，as引的非限制性定语从句位置灵活，可置于句首、句

8、中和句末，而which引导非限定性定语从句不能置于句首。（5）非限制定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，因此，我们常将其译为一个后置的并列句，而限制性定语从句是先行词不可或缺的修饰语，常将其译为前置定语。应注意区分以下句子的不同：His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college. 限制性定语从句他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。 （他还有其他的哥哥）His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college. 非限制性定

9、语从句他的哥哥是当医生的，常鼓励他要考上大学。（他只有一个哥哥）（6）当先行词是人名、地名等专有名词时，或当先行词是世界上独一无二的事物时，一般用非限制性定语从句。His father, who is a drug-taker, is very weak.I have been to Mount Everest, which is the highest mountain in the world.The earth, which we live on, is round.China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more p

10、owerful.二 二关系代词的基本用法（that / which / as; who / whom / whose） A. that （1）that 引导的定语从句修饰表人或物的先行词，即先行词可以是人也可以是物；（2）that在定语从句中可以做主语（不可省略），宾语（可省略）或表语（可省略）；（3）that指人且在定语从句中作主语时，可以换用who，此时that /who不能省略; that指人且在定语从句中作宾语时，可以换用who / whom，此时that /who/ whom可以省略; that指物时可以换用which，作主语不能省略，作宾语可以省略。He is the man th

11、at / who works with me. 作主语，不可省略He is the man （that / who / whom ）I fall in love with. 作with的宾语，可以省略The film that / which is directed by Zhang Yimou is very interesting. 作主语，不可省略The film （that / which ） we saw yesterday is very interesting. 作宾语，可以省略China isnt the country （that ） it used to be. 作表语，可

12、以省略（4）注意that在有些句型中可作为关系副词，且可省略。（主要指先行词为the way 的特例）I dont like the way （that） he talks to me. 作方式状语，为关系副词，可省略I dont like the way in witch he talks to me.B. which （1）which引导的定语从句修饰表物的先行词，即先行词是物；（2）witch在定语从句中可以做主语（不可省略），宾语（可省略）；Physics is a subject which / that is very difficult. 作主语，不可省略Apples are t

13、he fruits （which / that） she likes best. 作宾语，可以省略（3）which引导的非限制性定语从句可以修饰整个主句；She said the work would be done by October, which I doubt very much. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy.Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find str

14、ange.（4）which作介词宾语时，介词可前提，构成介词which结构, 此时绝不可换用that; 在非限制性定语从句中，还可在介词of前加名词、代词或形容词最高级，构成n. / pron. / adj.最高级 of which结构, 如both / some / most / many / much / a little / a few / several / none /one / half / three / one-third / 70 / the biggest of which, 此时也绝不可换用that。注意whom也有这样的用法。This is the house （whi

15、ch / that） he once lived in. This is the house in which / where he once lived. 介词in前提，不可换用thatGun control is a subject （that / which） Americans has argued about for a long time. Gun control is a subject about which Americans has argued for a long time. 介词about前提Here are the questions, some of which （of which some）I thought difficult for you.It is reported that