1、表示“对感兴趣”,形容词interested 后习惯上搭配介词in,而不搭配介词with。在我的故乡,每年这个时候农夫都忙着割稻。In my home country farmers are busy to harvest rice at this time of the year.In my home country farmers are busy harvesting rice at this time of the year.表示“忙于做某事”,be busy 后习惯上与动词的-ing形式搭配,不能搭配不定式。二、因语序错误丢分同学们在写作中出现语序错误主要有三种可能:一是在宾语从句中
2、误用疑问句语序,二是受汉语意思的影响而用错语序,三是受英语相似结构的影响而用错语序。当招待员问他是否再要些咖啡时,他点头表示要。When the waiter asked if did he want more coffee, he nodded Yes.When the waiter asked if he wanted more coffee, he nodded Yes.句中 if 引导的是宾语从句,要用陈述句语序,不能用疑问句语序。给来宾准备了丰富的食物和饮料。The visitors were plentifully supplied with drink and food. The
3、 visitors were plentifully supplied with food and drink.汉语常说“饮食”,即先说“饮”,后说“食”,但在英语习惯中恰恰相反,即总是说 food and drink,而不说 drink and food。使我最惊讶的是他期末考试没有及格。What was surprised me most that he failed in the final exam.What surprised me most was that he failed in the final exam.由于同学们平时见到be surprised 这类表达比较多,所以在头
4、脑中就形成了思维定势,误认为 surprised 总是要与系动词 be 连用。其实,此句中的 surprised 是动词,不是形容词(注意它后面跟有宾语me)。三、因用错非谓语动词丢分英语非谓语动词的用法比较复杂,尽管灵活运用非谓语通常被视为一种高级结构,但若用得不当或出现错误,则可能得不偿失,造成丢分。对于非谓语动词的使用最要注意的有以下几点:一是要注意那些只与不定式或只与动名词搭配的动词,二是要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语通常要与句子主语保持一致,三是要注意非谓语动词是该用一般式还是完成式,四是要注意非谓语动词是表主动还是表被动,等。她所谓生病只不过是不想上学的花招而已。Her illness
5、 is merely a device to avoid to go to school.Her illness is merely a device to avoid going to school.动词avoid后接另一动词作宾语,习惯上要用动名词,不用不定式。做完作业后,孩子们就出去踢足球。Doing their homework, the students went out to play football.Having done their homework, the students went out to play football.根据句意可知,“做完作业”在先,“出去踢足球”
6、在后,故“做完作业”应用完成式,而不能用一般式,否则给人的感觉便是“一边做作业一边出去踢足球”,这显然不合情理。由于天气不好,球赛不得不取消了。The match had to cancel owing to the bad weather.The match had to be cancelled owing to the bad weather.汉语既可说“取消球赛”,也可说“球赛取消了”,后者其实是“球赛被取消了”的省略说法。但是用英语来表示“球赛取消了”必须要用被动式,因为动词cancel(取消)是及物动词(要么有宾语,要么用被动式)。四、因表达句式错误而丢分造成表达句式错误的原因很多
7、,其中最要注意的是受汉语意思或汉语结构的影响而用错英语句式。这个问题对我来说很容易回答。I am easy to answer the question.It is easy for me to answer the question.汉语可说某人容易做某事,但英语在“be easy +不定式”这类句式中,句子主语通常应是it(实为形式主语),而不能是指人或物的名词。同样的道理,要表示某人很难做某事,不能说sb is difficult to do sth,而要说 Its difficult for sb to do sth。在警察的帮助下,我找回了我失去的东西。After the help
8、of the police, I got back what I had lost.With the help of the police, I got back what I had lost.汉语说“在某人的帮助下”,但英语用 with the help of sb表示,注意不要按汉语习惯用介词 after。她设法对老师隐瞒事实真相。She tried to hide the truth to her teacher.She tried to hide the truth from her teacher.汉语“对某人隐瞒”或“向某人隐瞒”等,用“对”或“向”这样的介词,但英语不能用介词
9、to 来直译。因为“对某人隐瞒”,其实就是免于让人知道,所以英语用介词 from。五、因成分残缺丢分造成句子成分残缺的原因也很多,可能是受汉语意思的影响,可能是弄错了相关词汇的词性,也可能是没弄清英语的表达习惯,等等。别怕,我们会保护你的。Dont afraid, and well protect you.Dont be afraid, and well protect you.afraid 是形容词,不是动词,所以应在dont 后面加上系动词be。这些花是如此漂亮,以致于我想摘几朵。Those flowers so beautiful that I want to pick up some.
10、Those flowers are so beautiful that I want to pick up some.句中的 that 引导的是结果状语从句,前面部分为句子主句,但是该主句没谓语动词,故应在flowers后加动词are。这是一本很有用的英语词典,我想你会喜欢的。This is a very useful English dictionary, and I think you will like.This is a very useful English dictionary, and I think you will like it.根据句意可知,“你会喜欢的”,其实是指“你会
11、喜欢它(指这本词典)的”。在汉语中,这个用作宾语的“它”可以省略,但在英语中,动词like 是及物动词,其后必须要有宾语,所以后面的it不能省略。六、因时态或语态错误丢分在写作中,许多同学常常因对句子中动作或事情发生的时间把握不准或对时态的特殊用法不够了解而出现时态错误。有时也因为对动作的对象和谓语动词的关系把握不准而把主动语态和被动语态弄混淆。据说这栋教学楼是五年前建的。It is said that the teaching building has been built five years ago.It is said that the teaching building was bu
12、ilt five years ago.five years ago 的意思是“五年前”,它表明动作发生在过去,故句子谓语要用一般过去时。流感通常发生在冬季。Influenza is usually broken out in winter.Influenza usually breaks out in winter.由于break out (发生)是不及物动词,所以不能用于被动语态。七、因语义重复错误丢分所谓语义重复就是指重复使用了意思相同词或短语。你应该看管好自己的东西。You should take good care of your things carefully.You should
13、 take good care of your things.短语take good care of 有“认真保管好”之意,不应再与表示“认真地”意思的副词 carefully连用。这是我最喜欢的歌曲之一。This is one of my most favorite songs.This is one of my favorite songs.favorite 用作形容词时,表示“最喜欢的”,因本身已含有“最”这样的意思,因此它不与 most 连用,以免语义重复。八、因不平行结构错误丢分平行结构类似汉语的排比句式,它常常用同样的格式表达两个或两个以上的平行内容。平行结构可以是单词、短语或分句
14、。在通常情况下,平行结构包括以下三种情况:1. 词性的平行:平行结构中的词或短语应具有一致(或接近一致)的词性;2. 时态的平行:平行结构的时态一般情况下要求保持前后一致;3. 形式的平行:平行结构中的平行成分通常要求保持形式上一致(如同为比较级或最高级,同为现在分词或过去分词,等)。今天下午我们打算去购物中心,替老师买些礼物。We are going to go to the shopping center and buying some presents for our teacher this afternoon.We are going to go to the shopping center and buy some presents for our teacher this afternoon.“去购物中心”和“买礼物”这两个动作是并列平行的,应使用相同的形式,所以buying应当改成buy。他抛弃了妻子还带走了两人所有的钱。He abandoned his wife and goes away with all their money.He abandoned his wife
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