初高中英语衔接课程讲义第三章重要词性了解Word文档格式.docx

1、一般直接在名词后加-s以字母-s,-sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词后加-es以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词，把-f/-fe改为-v，再加-es以-0结尾的名词的复数多数加-es以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要把y改为i，再加-es不规则变化改变单数名词中的元音字母单复数形式相同，如：sheep, deer, fish, means表示某国人的名词的复数形式因习惯不同而各异a.单复数形式相同（多以ese结尾），如：Chinese, , Swissb.词尾加-s（多以-an结尾），如：Americans, Koreans, Indiansc.将man变成men，将woman变成 women，如：Eng

2、lishman-Englishmen其他形式，如：mousemice, child- children名词所有格加-s/-s名词单数形式,用-s,表示,如: the girls books复数形式,用s表示,如Teachers books注：所有格后所接名词表示地点时候，地点名词可省略。如：the doctors复合名词在最后的名词后加s，如brother-in-laws books表示时间、距离、重量、国家、城市，地点无生命的名词也可用s形式来表示其所有关系，如：three days walk借助介词of无生命的物体的名词所有格常用of表示。the cover of the book双重所有

3、格由s所有格和of所有格组合修饰名词，如：an old friend of Toms二、代词种类人称人称代词物主代词反身代词第一人称I, we, me, usmy, our, mine, oursmyself, ourselves第二人称youyour, yoursyourself,yourselves第三人称we, he, she, ithis, her, its, hers, theirshimself, herself,itself, themselves指示代词this, that, these, those, such, the same不定代词all, both, neither,

4、 none, either, each, many, few, little,another, much, one, ones, some, any以及no-/some-/any-/every-+body/one/thing疑问代词who, whom, whose, what, which相互代词each, other, one, another, each others, one anothersExercises:1. Here is the that his younger brother loves best.A. coffee cup B. coffees cup C. cup of

5、 coffee D. coffee of cup2. Mr. Tony always has to tell his students at the beginning of his lectures.A. some good pieces of news B. some pieces of good newsC. some good piece of news D. some piece of good news3. As a businessman, Mr. Li gained his by selling famous of English and American writers.A.

6、 wealth; work B. wealth; works C. wealths ; works D. wealths ; work4. He is a kind-hearted man. People can get on well with him.A. Few B. A little C. Quite a few D. Little5. The post office isnt far from here. Its only bicycle ride.A. half an hours B. an hour and a half C. half an hour D. half an ho

7、urs6. The population of Shanghai very big and most of its population native people.A. are ; is B. is ; is C. are; are D. is; are7. Would you like to have ,Tom?No, thanks, l have had enough.A. any more orange and apples B. some more oranges and applesC. any more oranges and apples D. some more orange

8、s and apple8. Which do you prefer to drink, or coffee? , please. A. teas; Two tea B. tea; Two tea C. tea; Two teas D. teas; Two teas9. lt was really to get a present from him on her birthday party that she couldnt believe it, looking at him in .A. such big surprise; a surprise B. such a big surprise

9、; surpriseC. so big surprise; a surprise D. such big surprise;10. These are bikes. The twin brothers like them very much.A. Jacks and Jerrys B. Jacks and Jerry C. Jacks and Jerry B. Jack and Jerrys11. How much water is there in the bottle? .Youd better come to fetch another bottle.A. A little B. Not

10、hing C. No one D. None12. Bill works harder than in his class. He is the most excellent student l have met.A. the other boys B. other boys C. any boy D. another boy三、形容词一、成分成 分例 句定 语One of the most common languages used for creating web pages is called HTML.Who is the greatest woman writer alive in

11、the world?表 语After getting her hair cut, she looked even more beautiful宾语补足语With the window open, many things in the shop were stolen at night.状 语The bird fell onto the ground, dead.二、比较级此外，初中还安排了形容词比较级、最高级的语法点学习。其变化规则如下表：规 则原 级比较级最高级单音节形容词在词尾加-er；-esthighfewhigherfewerhighestfewest以字母e结尾的形容词在词尾加-r；

12、-stlargewidelarger widerlargest widest以重读闭音节结尾的形容词，末尾只有一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，应先双写该辅音字母，然后加-er；thinbighotthinnerbiggerhotterthinnestbiggesthottest以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，须先将y变成i，然后加-er；happyfunnyhappierfunnierhappiestfunniest多音节形容词前加more变比较级；加the most变最高级beautifulinterestingmore beautifulmore interestingthe most bea

13、utifulthe most interesting部分不规则的形容词变化如下表：原级goodbetterbestbad/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthestoldolder/elderoldest/eldest三、具体用法1、只能修饰形容词原级的词very, quite, so, too. 例如：He is too tired to walk on. 他太累了以至不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him

14、. 我弟弟跑得那么快以至我跟不上他。2、含有asas（与一样）的原级表达句式。例如：Tom is as old as Kate. 汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。Tom is twice as old as Kate. 汤姆的年龄是凯特的两倍。Tom runs as fast as Mike. 汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。【注意】1、否定形式not asas 也可以用成not soas“不如不及。”例如：He doesnt walk as slowly as you. 他走路不像你那样慢。This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。2、可以修饰比较级的词much, a lot, a great deal,