1、6Dont go out tomorrow morning in case Mr Li should come to visit you.明天上午不要出去以防李先生会来拜访你。7However difficult (No matter how difficult) the work is,we will try our best to finish it in time.无论工作多么困难,我们都要尽全力及时完成。8Young as/though he is, he knows a lot about life.尽管他很小,但他对生活懂得挺多。课堂合作探究语法讲座 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语
2、从句的连词有when, while, as, after, before, since, until, till, as soon as, once, the moment, the minute, immediately, every time, next time等。1when引导的时间状语从句。(1)when引导时间状语从句时,表示“当的时候”,从句中谓语既可用延续性动词也可用非延续性动词。(2)在以下句式中when表示“这时(突然)”:be about to do sth./be on the point of doing sth.when . (正要做某事这时);be doing s
3、th.when . (正在做某事这时);had done sth.when . (刚做完某事这时)。(3)when还用于hardly . when . (一就)中,这时,when从句中常用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。当hardly位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,通常把助动词had放在主语的前面。When I came home my mother was cooking dinner. 我回家时,妈妈在做晚饭。(短暂性动词)When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him. 当我住在农村时,我常常为他送水。(延
4、续性动词)We were about to leave when he came in.我们正要离开,就在那时他进来了。名师点津when是连词时,还表示“既然,考虑到”,相当于since, considering that。例如:How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?他们把所有的空闲时间都用来看电视了,还能学什么东西呢?2while引导的时间状语从句。while引导时间状语从句时,表示“当的时候”,从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。Study while you
5、study; play while you play.该学习的时候就学习,该玩的时候就玩。while是连词时,还表示“虽然”,表示此意时,引导的从句常放在句首;还表示“然而”,放在句中,强调前后之间对比转折。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。I drink black coffee while he prefers it with cream.我爱喝清咖啡,而他喜欢加奶油的。3as引导的时间状语从句。as引导时间状语从句
6、时,表示“当时,一边一边”,侧重表示主句中的动作和从句中的动作同时发生,或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。He jumps as he goes along.他边走边跳。As he grew old, he went deaf.随着年龄的增长,他变聋了。as是连词时,还表示“虽然;因为;像;以方式”。Much as I like you, I couldnt live with you.我尽管很喜欢你,却不能和你在一起生活。His eyes arent quite as blue as they look in the film.他的眼睛不像在电影里见到的那么蓝。Why didnt yo
7、u catch the last bus as I told you to?你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?As you werent there I left a message.因为你不在那里,我留了个便条。4.since引导的时间状语从句。since引导时间状语从句时,表示“自从”,从句中的谓语动词常用瞬间动词。一般情况下,从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。He hasnt been home since he graduated.自从他毕业后就没回过家。Its six months since we last met each other.自从我们上次见面(
8、到现在)已有六个月了。(1)在“it be表示一段时间的词语since引导的时间状语从句”中,主句中谓语用一般现在时和用现在完成时区别不大。(2)since表示“自从”时,还是介词,后面接名词。另外,ever since相当于since。(3)since还可以引导原因状语从句,表示“既然”。5.before和after引导的时间状语从句。before引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前;after引导时间状语从句时,表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。See me before you leave.在你离开之前来见我。I saw them after I arrived.在我抵达
9、之后,我见到了他们。It was some time before we realized the truth.过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。It will be one month before we return to our school.一个月后我们才能返校。before常用于“it be表示一段时间的词语before引导的时间状语从句”中,表示“才,就”。itwas时间段before从句(一般过去时);itwill bebefore从句(一般现在时)。6.till和until引导的时间状语从句。till和until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同,一般可以互换。放在句首时通常用
10、until的形式,till在口语中更为常见。till和until引导时间状语从句时,若主句是肯定形式,这时主句的谓语是延续性动词,表示“到为止”;若主句是否定形式,主句的谓语是短暂性动词,表示“直到才”。Walk till/until you come to a white house.一直走到一座白房子为止。We didnt discuss the problem until he came back.我们一直等到他回来后才讨论这个问题。Not until位于句首时,主句的主语和谓语要倒装,表示加强语气。对not . until句式的强调使用固定句型:It is /was not until
11、 . that . 。I had no idea of it until you told me.Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。7.immediately,instantly,the instant,the moment/minute等引导时间状语从句时,相当于as soon as,表示“一就”,指从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即发生。Immediately/The moment/As so
12、on as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong.我一看到她,就知道出事了。hardly . when . , no sooner . than . 也可表示“一就”,但要注意以下三点:(1)连词搭配不能换;(2)当hardly, no sooner置于句首时,主句采用部分倒装,常用过去完成时(had done)。No sooner had the children rushed out than the bell rang.铃一响,孩子们就冲出去了。8the first/last/next time(第一/上/下次),every time(每
13、次)等名词短语作连词,引导时间状语从句。The first time I spoke in public, I felt embarrassed.第一次当众演讲,我感到局促不安。9once引导的时间状语从句。once表示“一旦;一就”,相当于as soon as, when。It wont be difficult once you have got used to it.你一旦习惯了就不难了。Once he said that, I knew he was lying.他一说这话,我就知道他在说谎了。二、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that, in case, suppose/supposing等。1if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件,意为“如果”;unless(if not)表示负面的条件,意为“除非,如果不”。If you ask him, he will help you.如果你请求他,他会帮助你。He is sure to come unless he has some urgent business.He is sure to come if he
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