高中一年级英语必修一定语从句总结Word格式文档下载.docx

1、先行词 定语从句 关系词二、要点1.先行词与定语从句之间要有关系词（有时可省略）2.关系代词应紧跟在先行词之后3.关系词在定语从句中充当某一成分三、关系词的用法关系代词: who/whom/that/which/whose 1.先行词是人时，关系代词用who/whom/that.（1） who/that表主格: The girl who /that is drawing is Jims sister. The man who/that lives next door is friendly.（2） whom/that表宾格（who可用于口语中）可省略:The boy （whom/that） w

2、e talked about will come.He is the man （whom/that） we saw yesterday.2.先行词为物时，关系代词用which/that.（1） which/that表主格:A plane is a machine which / that can fly.Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle.（2） which/that表宾格,可省略:The car （which /that） he bought was a second-hand one.The film （which/that） w

3、e saw last night was wonderful.3.whose：表所有格，先行词既可以是人，也可以是物The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital.The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long.关系副词：when/where/why关系副词可替代的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语关系副词=介词+关系代词why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which （介词同先行词搭配）when=during/ on/ in/

4、 . which （介词同先行词搭配）1. when: 指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。This was the time when he arrived. I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star.2. where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。This is the factory where he works. Nanjing is the place where I was born.3. why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。Nobody knows the reason why

5、he is often late for school.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?注意：关系副词when, where, why, 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，因此常常和“介词+which“结构交替使用。I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】Is this the reason for which he refused our offe

6、r?【why】四、关系代词that的特殊用法只用that 的情况1.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 2.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？3.先行词被the only， the

7、very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.This is the same bike that I lost.4.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.Who is the girl that is crying？6.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而

8、不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.7.先行词在主句和从句中都作表语时，只能用that.He is not the man that he once was.8.先行词是the way时，只用that不用that 的情况1.先行词为that, those时，用which，而不用that.Whats that which is under the desk？2.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。3.引导非限

9、制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.Tom came back, which made us happy.五、判断关系代词与关系副词方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。判断改错：（错） This is the mo

10、untain village where I visited last year. （错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （对） Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定

11、语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A。例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2变为肯定句： This is the m

12、useum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行词在从句

13、中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。非限制性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。但是限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。1.which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I

14、bought last year, has got a lovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.4.有时as也可用作关系代词5.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which, whose代表事物。as, which引导的非限制性定语从句1.由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中