高中英语北师大版必修1文档Unit 3 Section Ⅴ GrammarWord格式.docx

1、Sweet dumplings are boiled and served in hot water.In the old days, dragon boat races were organised only by Chinese people.It is called zongzi, which is sticky rice in fresh bamboo leaves.我的发现（1）例句是一般现在时的被动语态。（2）例句是一般过去时的被动语态。一、基本知识（一）概念语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，

2、被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。（二）构成被动语态一般由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。（三）用法1讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者（此时可省略by 短语）。More than fifty electric bikes were stolen in our community last night.昨晚，我们社区的五十多辆电动车被偷了。2借助被动的动作突出动作的受动者。The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy.这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。3为使句子更加合理、流畅。The

3、 plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus.这个计划得到希望住校的人的支持。4习惯用法的需要。这类词常见的有born, determine, devote, seat, dress, situate等。He was born in China in 2014.他于2014年出生在中国。二、形式时态构成形式一般现在时am/is/aredone一般过去时was/weredone一般将来时be going to/will/shallbe done现在进行时am/is/arebeing done过去进行时was/wereb

4、eing done现在完成时have/hasbeen done过去完成时hadbeen done含情态动词情态动词be doneThe boy is often heard to play the piano upstairs.人们常听到这个男孩在楼上弹钢琴。（一般现在时）Many famous actors and directors were seen to enter the hall. 有人看见许多著名的演员和导演进了大厅。（一般过去时）New houses will be built by us for the victims of the flood next year.明年我们要

5、为洪水受害者们建一些新房子。（一般将来时）The problem is being discussed at the meeting.会议上正在讨论这个问题。（现在进行时）The naughty boy was being blamed for breaking the window on purpose when his mother phoned the teacher.当他的妈妈给老师打电话时，淘气的小男孩正在因故意打碎玻璃而受责备。 （过去进行时）（2014天津高考）We wont start the work until all the preparations have been

6、made.直到所有的准备工作都做完了，我们才开始工作。（现在完成时）The building had been completed before I arrived.在我去之前，那座建筑就已竣工了。（过去完成时）These books may be kept for two weeks.这些书可以借两周。（含情态动词）名师点津被动语态中的be 动词有时可用 get 来代替。“get过去分词”一般用来谈论突然发生的事件，只表示动作，不表示状态。She got hurt on her way back home.她在回家的路上受伤了。即时演练1 用所给词的适当形式填空（2015福建高考改编）To

7、my delight, I was_chosen （choose） from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony. He is a good teacher, so he is_loved （love） by all his pupils.The paint was_being_cleaned （clean） when the accident happened.The next Olympic Games will_be_held （hold） in Tokyo in 2020.When he knew he had_b

8、een_fooled （fool） already, he was very angry.（福建高考改编）The girl has a great interest in sport and has_been_taking （take） badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.三、以主动形式表示被动意义的动词1系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep等后接形容词或名词构成系表

9、结构。To the farmers disappointment, the apples have gone bad.令农民们失望的是，苹果已经腐烂了。即时演练2完成句子她的额头摸起来很烫。恐怕她病了。Her forehead feels_hot. Im afraid she is ill.整个故事听起来很奇怪。The whole story sounded_very_strange.这道菜尝起来很不错，因此我们对这家饭店印象深刻。The dish tasted_very_good,_so we were impressed by the restaurant.2表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态

10、的动词，如drive, lock, sell, read, wash, dry等，常用主动形式表示被动含义。These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很容易洗。名师点津主动语态表被动强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。The door wont lock.这扇门锁不上。（指门本身有毛病）The door wont be locked.这扇门不会被锁上的。（指不会有人来锁门）即时演练3用所给词的适当形式填空It is said that this kind of coat dries （dry） easily.Your article reads （read

11、） smoothly, so you had better add some beautiful expressions.His books sell （sell） well, so they are_sold （sell） out soon.Your composition reads （read） beautifully. Is it the one I saw you write yesterday?The door wont shut （shut）. Better have it repaired.3不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，

12、不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。It is true that all the students have a lot of homework to do every day.这是真的，学生们每天都有许多要做的家庭作业。4不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive, happy等，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。Those signs are hard to see clearly.那些标志很难看清楚。I find the question difficult to an

13、swer.我发现这个问题很难回答。即时演练4用所给词的适当形式填空（全国卷改编） The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy to_watch （watch） anything that happened to be on.This book is difficult to_understand （understand）I have a lot of problems to_solve （solve）5动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式。这类的词有need, want, require, deserve等。The