届高考英语 语法专项突破 第七节 情态动词和虚拟语气针对训练 北师大版Word格式文档下载.docx

1、Of course you can.当然可以。（4）表示推测，常用于疑问句和否定句。What can they be doing there?他们可能正在那里干什么？He cant be in the office，for the light has been turned off.他不可能在办公室，因为灯已关了。名师点津cant/can never be too./cant/can never be.enough表示“再也不为过”。You can never be too careful/careful enough while driving a car.开车时如何小心都不为过。2may（

2、1）表示请求、允许，此时might比may的语气更委婉。May/Might I play basketball this afternoon?今天下午我可以打篮球吗？No，you may not.不，不行。（2）表示推测意为“可能、或许”。We may go to the cinema tonight，but we are not sure yet.我们今晚或许去看电影，但还未确定。 （3）用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you be happy every day and succeed in your work！祝你每天都过得开心且工作顺利！名师点津“may as well动词原形”意为“最

3、好，倒不如”。There is nothing to do，so I may as well go to bed.没什么事可做，我还是上床睡觉好了。3must（1）表示“必须，应该”，must一般指主观，而have to指客观，表示“不得不”。We must do everything step by step.我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。I have to go now for Ive a meeting 15 minutes later.我必须走了，因为15分钟后有个会。（2）表示推测，意为“一定会”，此时不能用于否定句。He must be ill.He looks so pale.他一

4、定病了，他的脸色苍白。（3）mustnt表禁止，而have to的否定式意为“不必”。Smoking mustnt be allowed in the office.办公室里不许吸烟。Must we hand in our exercise today?我们今天必须交作业吗？No，you dont have to.不，不必今天交。名师点津must表示偏执、固执，意为“偏要，硬要”。If you must smoke，please go out.如果你硬要吸烟，那就出去吧。4shall（1）用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，用于征求对方的意见。Shall I buy some picture book

5、s for the children?要我给孩子们买些图画书吗？（2）用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall。You shall do as your teacher says.你得按你老师说的那样做。5should（1）表示劝告和建议，意为“应该”。此时ought to比should语气要强。You should/ought to put more effort into your work.你应该更加努力地工作。（2）表示预测可能性，意为“按道理应该会”。He left Paris in the morning.So he

6、 should arrive here by supper time.他早上离开巴黎，因此他晚饭前应该能到这里。名师点津should表示惊讶、意外等情绪，意为“竟然”。It is strange that such things should happen in our school.真奇怪，这样的事情竟然在我们学校发生了。6will/would（1）表示意愿，可用于各种人称。We will never give up working，whatever happens.无论发生什么事，我们都不会放弃工作。（2）表示“请求，建议”，此时would比will更委婉。Would you come i

7、nto the bar and have a drink with me? 你愿意进酒吧和我喝一杯吗 ?名师点津will/would表示习惯，意为“总是，习惯于”。与used to相比，would表示过去重复、习惯性动作；而used to则强调过去与现在的对比。Shell listen to music，alone in her room，for hours.她总是独自一个在房间里听音乐，一听就是几个小时。Last year our English teacher would tell us stories in English after class.去年我们的英语老师常常课后给我们用英语讲

8、故事。He used to spend all his money on food and drink，now he lives a simple life.他过去把钱都花在吃喝上，现在可节省了。7need/dareneed和dare既可作实意动词又可作情态动词，用作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句和否定句。He need not go if he doesnt want to.如果他不想去，他就不必去。How dare you say such a thing?你竟敢说出这种话呀？考点二 “情态动词have done”的用法情态动词have done用法must have done一定做过某事，其

9、否定形式为cant/couldnt have donecan/could have done1.本来能够做但却未做2.可能做过某事can不可能做过某事may/might have done或许/可能做过某事should/ought to have done本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了needn做了本没有必要做的事情Wang Yaping was the second woman to be sent into space in China.王亚平成为第二名被送入太空的中国女性。She must have gone through tough training.她肯定受过艰苦的

10、训练。Mark neednt have hurried.After driving at top speed，he arrived half an hour early.马克本没必要那么匆忙。他以最快速度开车，结果早到了半个小时。考点三 虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法if条件从句从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式（be的过去式用were）should/would/could/might动词原形表示过去情况had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词表示未来情况should动词原形should/would/ could/might动词原形动词过去

11、式were to动词原形If I were you，I would take action right away.如果我是你，我会立即采取行动。If you had got up earlier，you would have caught the train.如果你早点起床，你就会赶上火车了。If you should fail，what would you do?万一你失败了，你准备怎么办？考点四 虚拟条件的三种特殊形式if省略句如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装，若为否定形式，not不可提前。混合条件句有时

12、条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。含蓄条件句有时假设的情况不用条件从句表达，而是用but for，without等介词（短语）或上下文来表示条件。用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but真实情况”。Were it Sunday tomorrow，we should go to the Great Wall.要是明天是星期日，我们就能去长城了。If you had prepared in advance，you wouldnt be in such a

13、n awkward position now.如果你事先做好准备，现在就不至于那么被动。But for you，we couldnt have carried out the plan.要不是你的话，我们（当时）无法实行那项计划。考点五 虚拟语气的其他情况1wish后面宾语从句的虚拟语气与现在事实相反从句用一般过去时与过去事实相反从句用过去完成时与将来事实相反从句用would动词原形I wish （that） I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是一只小鸟，能在天空自由飞翔。2表示主张、命令、建议、要求等词后的宾语从句中常用“（should）动词原形”结构名师点津当insist表示“坚持认为；坚持说”；suggest表示“暗示，表明”时后面的宾语从句不用虚拟语气。The young man insisted that he did nothing wrong and should be set free at once.