1、To have been doing动词-ing形式DoingBeing doneHaving doneHaving been done动词-ed 形式: done具体用法作宾语补足语区别1作宾语补足语主要考查在感官动词、使役动词后的用法(1)在感官动词后作宾语补足语有两种情况当宾语与宾语补足语在逻辑上是主谓关系时,需要有动词原形(即不带to 的不定式)和doing(现在分词的一般式)。动词原形(即不带to 的不定式)表示完成或没有一定时间性,doing(现在分词的一般式)表示进行。当宾语与宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系时,需要用being done(现在分词的一般被动式)和done(过去分词)
2、 。being done(现在分词的一般被动式)表示正在进行和done(过去分词)表示完成。I heard her sing an English song just now. (主动,完成)I hear her singing an English song when I passed her room yesterday.(主动,进行)I heard an English song being sung by a little girl when I passed her room yesterday.(被动,进行)Id like to see the plan carried out.(
3、被动,没有一定时间性)另一种理解:不定式作宾语补足语表示从开始到结束的全过程;现在分词作宾语补足语时表示正在进行或持续的状态或经常发生的主动状态;过去分词作宾语补足语表示已经发生了的或被动的状态。(2)几个使役动词的用法:使役动词“let+复合宾语”有2种情况A. let+宾语+do: 让做B. let+宾语+be done: 让被做Dont let your children play with matches(火柴)Let the work be done immediately.使役动词leave后加非谓语动词作宾语补足语,意为“使处于某种状态”A. leave sb./sth. doi
4、ng sth.让某人一直作某事(宾语与宾补是逻辑上的主谓关系,表示动作正在进行)B. leave sb. to do sth.留下某人做某事(不定式表示将来)C. leave sth. To be done留下某事要做(不定式表示将来)D. leave sth. Undone(宾语与宾补是逻辑上的动宾关系,表示被动完成,一般以undone, unfinished, unsettled, untouched为多)Its wrong of you to leave the machine running.(主动,正在进行)He left, leaving me to do all the prob
5、lem next work.(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many to be settled.(被动,将来)The guests left most of dishes untouched, because they didnt taste delicious.(被动完成)get, have 后面加不定式,现在分词,过去分词作有宾语补足语,get,have表示“让,使,叫”之意。A.a. have sth. done让/使某事由别人去做(让/叫某人做某事)b. get sth. done让/使某事由别人去做(让/叫某人做某事)I
6、ll have/get my bike repaired tomorrow.请人修一下我的自行车。B.a. have sb./sth. doing 使/让某人/某物持续做(主动,进行)b. get sb./sth. doing使某人/某物开始做The captain got the soldier moving toward the front after a short rest.C.a. have sb. do使/让/叫某人做某事b. get sb. to do使/让/叫某人做某事Mother had me go/got me to go the shop and buy some sal
7、t.2时态一般用动词原形(即不带to 的不定式),doing(现在分词的一般式),being done(现在分词的一般被动式)和done(过去分词)。一些用to be done, to have done, to have been done.3不定式,现在分词,过去分词作宾语补足语的小窍门下列动词在主动语态中不加to,在被动语态中加to“吾看三室两厅(有妹来to)一感觉”Watch, see, look at, notice, observeHave(有) make(妹) let(来)Hear, listen to Feel以上动词还可以用现在分词作宾(主)语补足语(5+3+2+1+3)Ha
8、ve(有) get(哥)leave(离)此外,find ,catch, keep(+3)也可以用现在分词作宾(主)语补足语5个使役均可以(get, have make let, leave)1不定式(一般时to do,完成时to have done)有的需要带to的不定式,有的不需要带to的不定式(1)不需要带to的不定式使役动词:Have/let/make感官动词:Hear, listen to 被动结构时,要加to (have, notice, watch不用于被动语态,let后加单音节动词时,不定式仍然不加to)I saw him play in the park.He was seen
9、 to play in the park.They let the thief go.The thief was let go.(2)需要带to的不定式Ask, allow, cause, teacher等Dont allow problem to worry you all the time.(3)help后可带to,可不带to(4)可带“to be+名词/形容词”或to have done结构作宾语补足语。一般用在一些表示心理状态的词后Declare(宣布),prove(证明)Know(知道),guess(猜),Suppose(假设),imagine(想象),consider(认为),th
10、ink(认为),find(发现) ,believe(相信),judge(判断)understand(理解)(宣布这个证明后,知道猜测假设(想象认为发现相信判断都是错误的理解)to be可以省略,但是to have been不能省略。(5)用不定式作主语补足语在“sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought +to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done”中用不定式作主语补足语。He is said to have gone abroad.It is said that
11、he has gone abroad.2动词-ing形式(doing, being done)与宾语之间是主谓关系,即宾语是其逻辑主语。主要用于以下两类动词后(1)感官动词:feel, find ,hear ,notice ,see ,watch ,observe等表示感觉和心理状态的动词后接现在分词作宾语补足语。(2)使役动词:get ,have ,make ,keep ,leave等动词后接现在分词作宾语补足语(3)在“with+名词/代词+过去分词”复合宾语结构中,现在分词表示主动意义,宾语与现在分词在逻辑上是主谓关系With a local guide leading the way,
12、 we had no difficulty finding the old temple.(4)有时现在分词作宾语补足语的句子可以变为被动语态,这时现在分词改为主语补足语。They found the cook smoking.The cook was founding smoking.3动词-ed 形式(done)作宾语步足语的过去分词一般来自及物动词,与宾语有着逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。(1)意义只表示完成不表示被动只表示被动表示被动和完成(2)用法feel, find ,hear ,notice ,see ,watch ,observe等表示感觉和心理状态的动词后接过
13、去分词作宾语补足语,表示“感受到某人或某物被”He didnt notice his wallet stolen.get ,have ,make ,keep ,leave等动词后接过去分词作宾语补足语,表示“致使某人或某事被,请别人做某事。”注意:“have+宾语+过去分词”这一结构有三种含义:表“让别人去做某事”I want to have my hair cut.我想理理发。表“遭遇某种不幸的事”While they were on holiday, they had their car broken into.他们在度假时车被撬了。表“有”We have not much money l
14、eft.我们剩下的钱不多了。)like ,order ,want ,wish ,expect等动词后接过去分词作宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be,表示“希望/要求某人或某事被”。The manage order the work (to be) finished at the end of this week.The students wouldnt like the problem (to be) discussed at the moment.在“with+名词/代词+过去分词”复合宾语结构中,过去分词表示被动意义,宾语与过去分词在逻辑上是动宾关系。With the work finished, they went to the seaside for a holiday.有时过去分词作宾语补足语的句子可以变为被动语态,这时过去分词改为主语补足语,说明主语所处的状态。Her bag was found stolen when she woke up.Her coat was seen hung behind the door.作定语现在分词
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