1、那时候报纸非常便宜,而且人们认为发表时尚的人文批评可以给刊登评论的出版物增加色彩。【分解】句子的主干为:“We are removed from reviews (句子主干部分) at a time (时间状语) ”。细化分析:“published”过去分词短语修饰“reviews”,其后紧接“in England”与“between ”地点和时间状语。之后,“at a time”与“between”之间相互解释,“time”之后的“when”引导修饰其的时间定语从句。(02) (10-R-1) “So few authors have brains enough or literary gi
2、ft enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.”(43 words)【译文】纽曼说,“具有才智或文学天赋让自己在新闻从业中面对困难坚持不懈的作家如此之少,以至于我总想把新闻业定义成一个“受贬低的术语”,即“不受读者喜爱作家对受读者喜爱作者的称呼”。“So few have (主句主
3、干部分) that (引导结果状语从句)I am tempted to (从句部分的主谓) ”。整个句子只要理顺了“so that”的倒装结构(前半部分是倒装的)就不难理解了。主句中,“to keep journalism”不定式修饰“brains or gift”部分。从句中有“define as”介词短语。最后,“of contempt”修饰“a term”,“applied (to) ”也修饰“a term”。(03) (10-R-3) For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then
4、influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.(48 words)【译文】然而,如果要发生社会流行现象,每个人在受到影响之后定会去影响自己的熟人,熟人再去影响他们的熟人,如此循环往复。有多少其他人关注这些处于传播网络的人群,与最初那个有影响力的源头关系不大
5、“ each person must influence acquaintances (第1个分句的主干部分);(分号引出另一个分句) how many others pay attention has ”。在第1个分句中,“For to occur”作目的状语,“however”插入语表达作者评价,“so affected”修饰“each person”,“who”引导非限制性定语从句修饰“acquaintances”。在第2个分句中,主语是一个由“how”引导的主语从句。(04) (09-R-3) Progress in both areas is undoubtedly necessar
6、y for the social, political, and intellectual development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. (46 words)【译文】毫无疑问,对于这些国家和其他社会的社会、政治以及知识的发展,正规教育
7、和经济发展的进步都非常必要。然而,传统的观点认为,为了促进贫困国家的经济迅猛发展,最优先考虑的应该是教育,这种观点是错误的。“Progress is (第1个分句);(分号连接了前后两个分句) view is wrong(第2个分句)”。在第1个分句中,有“necessary for ”介词搭配结构。在第2个分句中,“view”之后有一个由“that”引导的同位语从句。(05) (09-R-4) Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hope all came together in a decisive moment w
8、hen he opened the Bible, told his father that the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “Come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.”(58 words)【译文】他打开圣经,告诉父亲说,他读到的第一行可能决定命运,读出了神秘的字句:“从中走出,不碰不洁之物,我将成为你的上帝,你将成为我的子民
9、。”就在这决定性的一刻,对性的困惑、经济窘迫和宗教希望 全都交融在一起了。“, all came together (主干的主谓成分).”。在句首主干之前,破折号之前内容与“all”为同位语关系。从“when ”至“ my people”这一部分充当名词“moment”的定语从句。该定语从句的主语为“he”,三个谓语动词为“opened”和“told”和“read”(其中told之后有一个that引导的宾语从句,在该宾语从句中he saw做定语从句修饰the first line)。冒号之后为“words”的具体内容。(06) (0-TR) Religious associations beg
10、an, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc.(45 words)【译文】例如,各种宗教交往的初衷是祈求神灵的庇护,抵御邪恶影响。家
11、庭生活的初衷是满足欲望和传宗接代。最初开始有组织的劳动,重要的原因是受制于人。“;.”。(有分号连接的三个分句)细化分析:在第1个分句中,主语为“associations”,谓语为“began”;之后“to secure and to ward off”不定式充当定语。在第2个分句中,主语为“family life”,谓语为“began”(相同的省略)。在第3个分句中,主语为“labor”,谓语为“began”相同省略。(07) (09-TR) Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriou
12、sness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the worlds work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output.(41 words)【译文】即使今日,在工业化生活中,与其他的物质产出相比,某些勤俭的价值观以及各种人们交往的知识和情感反应几乎没有受到关注,而在这些交往之中世人的活动才得以延续。“, reaction recei
13、ves little attention, ”。句首有“apart from”引导的短语,与主语部分关联。在主语“reaction”后有“which”引导的定语从句。最后,有“as compared with”引出的状语。(08) (08-R-2) Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making
14、it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it.(40 words)【译文】此外,存在由这三种模式结合的其它模式,例如延迟开放获取模式,即期刊仅允许订阅者阅读,期限六个月,然后就公之于众,所有人都可以免费使用。“Other models exist (主干的主语谓语部分) ”。在谓语动词“exist”之后,有“that”引导定语从句修饰“models”。介词“such as”之后引出“models”的具体分析;之中,连词“where”引导“delayed open access”。最后一个“before it”中,“making it”中的“it”为形式宾语,而“to see it”中的“it”指代“a paper”。(09) (07-R-1) If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006s World Cup tournament, you would most
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