1、2bring,take,carry,fetch bring带来,拿来,取来,强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。take拿走,带走,强调把人或物从说话者身边带走,方向与bring相反。fetch去拿来,去取来,强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后,又回到甲地,相当于go and bring。carry携带,搬运,运送,强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。3win,beat,defeat win表示赢得,战胜时,宾语多是比赛项目等。win sb.则指赢得人心。beat/defeat意为打败,击败,其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如:beat sb.打败某人;defeat their team/ t
2、he country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手;defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。4believe,believe in believe表示相信,认为,侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性,其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。believe in表示相信,信任,信仰,信奉,其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你应该相信自己,并且相信某天你将会成功的。5book,order
3、 二者都有订购,预订之意,但book指订各种票,座位;而order指餐馆订饭、菜,定做衣服,订货等,常用结构:place an order for sth. with sb.向某人订购某物。对比:book a ticket/two seats/a double room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间;order four dishes/ lunch要四个菜/订好午饭。He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他订了一张四人桌,并且要了六个菜。6choose,select,elect choose表示选择,挑选,有时也表示推选,选举,但
4、一般表示范围很小、普通的选择,没有elect正式。 select表示(精心地)挑选,选定,具有精选之意。elect表示选举,指较大范围的正式的选举。7disturb,interrupt disturb是及物动词,有打扰,扰乱,使人心神不安之意。常用短语:disturb the sleeping child/ones plan/the public peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安;be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响;be disturbed about对感到不安。interrupt有打断,打扰之意,侧重打断。interrupt the supplies中断
5、供应interrupt ones speech打断演讲 8hurt,injure,wound,harm hurt是一般用语,指精神或肉体上受到的伤害,有较强烈的疼痛意味;injure比hurt更正式,常指意外事故对身体或精神上的损害,损伤;wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤,尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤;harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害,特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等,使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。9miss,losemiss意为未能赶上(抓住),错过,失去,漏掉。而lose意为丢失,迷失方向,迷路。10fit,be fit for,be fit to,suit fit用作
6、及物或不及物动词,表示(衣服等)合适,使合身;be fit for是形容词短语,表示适合的,能胜任的,for后接名词或动名词;befit to表示适合,能胜任,to是动词不定式符号,后接动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的适合,而fit指尺寸、大小的合适。11save,spare save意为储蓄,节省,指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用,或指节省东西,避免浪费,也指救命。而spare意为省,指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等,常表示省出一部分以留作他用。12seat,sit seat是及物动词,意思是使坐下,可以接人作宾语,还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有:seat sb.使某人坐下;sea
7、t oneself自己坐下;be seatedsit down坐好。而sit是不及物动词,不能带宾语。 1.(2019江苏卷单项填空)34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans intelligence and creativity.A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:城市是人类的双手和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像;reflecting反映;reviewing回顾;restoring
8、恢复,根据题意,故选B。2.(2018新课标I卷完形填空)During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars?41. A. put forward B. jum
9、ped at C. tried out D. turned down42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay41.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时,学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程,这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程,是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出; jumped at急于接收;tried out尝试;turned down拒绝。故选B。42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。waste浪费;earn赚钱; save节省;pay付钱。故选C。考向二考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析 使用频率较高的这类动词有:call,cut,come,go
10、,get,go,look,put,set,turn,take,pay,pick,make等。常见的介词或副词有:in,off,out,up,away,for,on,over等。1.动词away构成的短语动词有:throw away扔掉 put away把收拾好 give away捐赠,分发 carry away运走 run away潜逃,跑开 go away 走开 2动词for构成的短语动词有:answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求 plan for打算,为计划hope for希望,期待 ask for索取,寻找send for派人去请 go for努力获取
11、pay for偿还,赔偿 3动词on构成的短语动词有:try on试穿,试验 put on穿上,上演 have on穿着,戴着pull on穿,戴 hold on不挂断,坚持,继续 carry on继续开展,坚持keep on继续 go on继续 get on上(车) 4动词over构成的短语动词有:come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查,复习get over克服,恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑take over接受,接管 hand over移交 turn over翻转 5动词up构成的短语动词有:bring up抚育,培养 call
12、 up召唤,打电话给 come up走上前来,长出cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃;go up上升,增长grow up 长大 look up尊敬,向上看,查寻 make up虚构,弥补,组成put up举起,搭建 set up建立,创(纪录) pick up捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到send up发射 show up揭露,露面 turn up出现,把调高一点 1. (2019北京卷完形填空)He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with h
13、im, hell _21_ those things.A. act on B. settle on C. check on D. agree on【答案】C【解析】句意:在坐车的时候,Wilson会问这些学生问题,然后记住答案。下一次这些学生再坐车的时候,Wilson会检查(check on)上次提到的这些东西。该句指的是在乘车期间,Wilson会利用这个机会了解考查学生们的学习情况。故C选项正确。2. (2018完形填空)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment. Their savings had been_36_ to pay lawyers fees.A. drawn up B. used up C
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