1、2.by: 通过.方式(途径)。例:I learn English by listening to tapes.在.旁边。by the window/the door 乘坐交通工具 例:by bus/car 在之前,到为止。by October 在10月前 被 例:English is spoken by many people.3.how与what的区别: how通常对方式或程度提问,意思:怎么样、 如何,通常用来做状语、表语。 what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问,意思:什么,通常做宾语、主语。How is your summer holiday? Its OK.(how表示程度 做表语
2、)How did you travel around the world? I travel by air.What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects.Whatthink of? Howlike?Whatdo with? Howdeal with?Whatlike about?Whats the weather like today? Hows the weather today?What to do? How to do it?e.g. What do you think of this
3、 book?=How do you like this book? I dont know what I should do with the matter.=I dont know how I should deal with it. What do you think of China?=How do you like China? I dont know what to do next step?=I dont know how to do it next step? What good / bad weather it is today!(weather为不可数名词,其前不能加 a )
4、 What a fine / bad day it is today! (day为可数名词,其前要加 a ) 6. find + 宾语 + 宾补(名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等) 例:I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.We found him in bed. He found the window closed.We found her honest. 8. get + 宾语+宾补(形容词 过去分词 动词不定式) 使某种情况发生Get the shoes clean. 把鞋擦干净 Get Mr. Green to co
5、me. 让格林先生进来I want to get my bike repaired. 我想去修自行车You cant get him waiting. 你不能让他老等着7. 常见的系动词有: 是:am 、is、 are 保持:keep、 stay 转变:become、 get、 turn 起来 feel、 look、 smell、 taste、 sound9. 动词不定式做定语与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系I have no
6、thing to say. I need a pen to write with.I need some paper to write on. I dont have a room to live in.10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 practice +doing sth 练习做某事She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为:all-none, both-neither, everything-nothing, ever
7、ybody-nobody.14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alonebe afraid to do sth.害怕 be afraid that恐怕担心,表示委婉语气17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”,“再一”。Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl.18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing. 干.遇到麻烦,困难19.unless 除非,如果不,等于“if not”本身就表示否定,引导条件状语
8、从句,主句为将来时,条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。My baby sister doesnt cry unless shes hungry. =My baby sister doesnt cry if she isnt hungry.Unless you take more care, youll have an accident. 如果你不多加小心的话,你会出事的。20.instead: adv. 代替,更换。We have no coffee, would you like tea instead? 我们没有咖啡了,改喝茶好吗?Tom was ill, so I went instea
9、d.汤姆病了,所以换了我去。instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换Lets play cards instead of watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.21.spoken 口头的,口语的。spoken English 口头英语 speaking 讲话的,说某种语言的。speaking skills讲英语的能力22. 提建议的句子:What/ how about +doing sth.? 如:What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do
10、sth.?Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ?Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如: Lets go shopping Shall we/ I + do sth.?Shall we/ I go shopping?24. tooto 太而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如:Im too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。25. not at all 一点也不 根本不 如:I like milk very much. I dont
11、like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。 not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾26.be / get excited about sth.= be / get excited about doing sth. = be excited to do sth. 对感兴奋 如: I am / get excited about going to Beijing.= I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。27. end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 如: The party end
12、ed up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 end up with sth. 以结束 如: The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。29. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间 either 也(用于否定句)常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well 30. make mistakes 犯错 make mistakes in sth. 在干某事方面出错 by mistake 错误地;由于搞错 mistake-mistook-mistakenI often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 I
13、mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。make a mistake 犯一个错误 如: I have made a mistake.我已经犯了一个错误。31. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如:Dont laugh at me!不要取笑我!32. take notes 做.笔记,做.记录 33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如: She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如:He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。35. one of
14、+(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一 She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。36. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事Its difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study English38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如: LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 39. deal with 处理 如:I dealt with a lot of problem.40. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 be worried about sb./sthMother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。41. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如: I was angry with her. 我对她生气。43. go by (
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