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1、公司制企业特点公司制企业特点法人与自然人的界定，业主独立于公司法人主体股权结构多元化，股份可以自由转让有限责任所有权、经营权分离现实背景现实背景1.公司治理问题的产生公司制引发的企业治理问题公司制引发的企业治理问题股权结构极其分散：中小股东利益的保护机构投资者兴起：机构投资者很少“用脚投票”，往往要求恢复所有者主权，直接关注公司治理结构的问题。经济全球化和经济自由化带来的竞争压力：跨国并购、敌意收购、杠杆收购和公司重组等活动使公司治理问题复杂化。公司经理层的薪酬过高，缺乏有效透明的监督：丑闻频发现实背景现实背景2.公司治理概念多种观点公司治理结构是一种决策机制决策机制公司治理是一个指导和控制公

2、司的制度或进程制度或进程公司治理结构就是指所有者、董事会和高级经理人员组成的一种存在存在制衡制衡关系的组织结构组织结构对公司治理概念的理解对公司治理概念的理解-狭义:股东对经营者的监督与制衡机制-广义:不仅局限于股东对经营者的制约，还涉及到广泛的利益相关者背景介绍背景介绍2.公司治理概念-OECD公司治理准则：是一种据以对工商业公司进行管理和控制的体系。公司治理结构明确规定了公司的各个参与者的责任和权利分布责任和权利分布，诸如：董事会、经理层、股东和其他利害相关者。并且清楚地说明了公司事务决策决策所应遵循的规则和程序。同时，它还提供了设置公司目标公司目标的程序，也提供了达到这些目标的监控运营的

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