高三阅读理解公开课优质PPT.ppt

1、主旨归纳题Usual types:这种试题要求能把握文章的总体，并真正理解这种试题要求能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、主题和中心；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法解题，难度较大，属于高层次题。属于高层次题。question forms：大意类：The main idea of the passage is.What is the passage mainly about?标题类：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?The best title

2、for the passage might be.作者意图类：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage？The authors purpose of writing this passage is 1.1.段落中出现表转折的词语段落中出现表转折的词语（如如however,but,in fact,actually,while,on the contrary,in contrast等等）时时,其后的句子很可能是主题句。其后的句子很可能是主题句。2.2.首段出现疑问句时首段出现疑问句时,对该问题的回答很可能就对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。是主

3、题句。3.3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点作者有意识地反复强调的观点,通常是通常是主旨主旨;反反复出现的词语复出现的词语,一般为体现文章主旨的一般为体现文章主旨的关键词关键词。4.4.表示总结或结论的话常有表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus，in short,conclude，conclusion等。等。找主题句的四个小窍门：Please keep in mind,Practice makes perfect!Have a try!Guess the main idea of each passage quickly!Smoking cigarettes is harmful t

4、o your health.Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious and terrible disease（illness）,cancer,cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.For example,it can give one a“smokers cough”.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catc

5、h colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer,cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?（1 minute）Please find out the topic sentence of the passage.开开门门见见山山,提提出出主主题题,随随之之用用细细节节来来解解释释,支支撑撑或或发发展展主主题句所表达的主题思想题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式最常见的演绎法写作方式.Passage1 Often no one looks more guilty than

6、the innocent（无辜的，无罪的，无辜者）.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance.（1 minute）Please find out the topic sentence of

7、the passage.在表述细节后在表述细节后,归纳要点归纳要点,印象印象,结论建议或结果结论建议或结果,以概括主题以概括主题.这这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式文章或段落的主题句常常会是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式文章或段落的主题句常常会出现在一些标志性的提示后。如：出现在一些标志性的提示后。so,on the whole,as a result,in short,therefore,thus.Passage 2Passage 3Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity（困境，逆境）困境，逆境）.But,i

8、t is often the belief of others that gives us the courage to try.J.K.Rowling,author of the Harry Potter book series,began writing at age 6.In her biography,.became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer.Now with seven books that h

9、ave sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages,J.K.Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history.And it all began with her commitment to writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend!（2 minutes）The text mainly tells us .A.hardship makes a good novelistB.the courage to try is a spe

10、cial abilityC.you can have a wonderful idea everywhereD.encouragement contributes to ones successdetailPassage 4Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,lat

11、er,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal back-ground.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.（2 minutes）The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom had studied at Paris and moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from College.C.Tom was a

12、n excellent student at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetailTypes of Paragraph StructuresTypesThe position（位置）位置）of the topic sentenceAt the beginningAt the end of the passageIn the middleNo clear topic sentenceWhat should we pay attention to?1.One swallow does not mak

13、e a summer.一燕不成夏一燕不成夏（不要以偏概全）不要以偏概全）2.Transitional words and expressions:过渡词过渡词 but,yet,however,although,in spite of,by contrast,on the contraryHow to tell the wrong choices?2.放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小放大或缩小3、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。主题。1.以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章以偏概全，故意片面地理

14、解文章，把文章中出现过的某一中出现过的某一 观点当成整篇文章的主题观点当成整篇文章的主题How do we guess the meanings of new words?二：猜测生词的词义如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义如何根据上下文判断词语的涵义这这种种种种题题型常型常型常型常见见的的的的设题设题方式方式方式方式有：有：1 1）The The underlinedunderlined word word（phrasephrase）in the passagein the passage means means _ 2 2）The word itThe word it（themthem）in t

15、he first paragraph in the first paragraph refers torefers to _ _ 3 3）The underlined sentence in the last paragraph The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means _means _ _4 4）Which of the following is Which of the following is closest in meaning toclosest in meaning to the underlined the underlined word in the second paragraph word in the second paragraph？要