1、单复数、所有格、词性转换单复数、所有格、词性转换形容词形容词/副词:比较级或最高级、词性或词义转换副词:比较级或最高级、词性或词义转换代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词数词:基数词、序数词数词:基数词、序数词(注意:词形变化类,词性不一定要变有可能考(注意:词形变化类,词性不一定要变有可能考查与词根意义相反的派生词:查与词根意义相反的派生词:un-,im-,in-,-less)1代词代词it或其它代词或其它代词2连词或从句的引导词连词或从句的引导词3介词或表逻辑关系的副词介词或表逻辑关系的副词4冠词冠词(a/an/the/)5情态动词,强调助动词等情态动词,强
2、调助动词等6特殊句式:强调句型特殊句式:强调句型itisthat;therebe句型;感叹句型句型;感叹句型howwhat;倒装句型倒装句型知识贮备:知识贮备:各种词类和句子成分各种词类和句子成分时态和语态时态和语态谓语和非谓语谓语和非谓语虚拟语气虚拟语气特殊句式特殊句式简单句、并列句、复合句简单句、并列句、复合句(三大从句三大从句)二、二、语法填空的能力要求:语法填空的能力要求:1.阅读/理解语篇的能力2.分析句子结构的能力3.熟练运用语法的能力4.单词拼写能力和逻辑推理能力等,对中下层考生来说,难度较大。三、三、重点复习:重点复习:掌握句子的基本结构掌握句子的基本结构和词法基础、时态语态、
3、非谓语动词、三大从句和词法基础、时态语态、非谓语动词、三大从句首先,我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构:首先,我们必须熟练掌握简单句的基本句型结构:(1)主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语(2)主语主语+谓语谓语(3)主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语(4)主语主语+谓语谓语+双双宾语宾语(5)主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾补宾补其次,我们要充分了解充当各个其次,我们要充分了解充当各个句子成分句子成分的典型词类:的典型词类:(1)充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。此外,还有动名词、不定式短语等。充当主语或宾语的典型词类是名词或代词。(2)充当谓语的一定是动词。充当谓语的一定是动词。(3)充当补
4、语或表语的典型词类是形容词充当补语或表语的典型词类是形容词、名词、介词短语、名词、介词短语。(4)在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。在名词前作定语的典型词类是形容词或形容词性物主代词。(5)作状语的典型词类是副词作状语的典型词类是副词再次,我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构:两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号,就必须再次,我们还要掌握句子的扩展结构:两个或几个简单句之间若不用句号或分号,就必须要用连词,否则句子的结构就不完整。连词主要有以下四类:要用连词,否则句子的结构就不完整。(1)用用and,but,or,while(而,却而,却),when(就在这个时候)等构成(就在这个时候
5、)等构成并列句并列句。(2)用用if,unless,before,after,until,although,though,as,since,because,so,sothat等构成含等构成含状语从句状语从句的复的复合合句(这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句,句(这里要注意区分一下复杂句和复合句,复合句复合句是带有从是带有从句的句子句的句子)。)。(3)用用who,which,that,when,where,why等构成含等构成含定语从句定语从句的复合句。(这里要的复合句。(这里要提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或关系词的,但也须结合句子结构来提醒考生的是往往不给任何提示的空就是填连词或
6、关系词的,但也须结合句子结构来分析。)分析。)(4)用用that,if/whether(是否是否),wh-等构成含等构成含名词性从句名词性从句的复合句。的复合句。1有提示词。主要是动词、形容词、副词以及名词 动词需要注意动词的时态、语态、人称和数的变化、非谓语动词,虚拟语气。有时可能出现多点的综合,如will be built,has been built;形容词和副词的相互转换及比较级的运用;名词的单复数,或根据句法要求所进行的各类词类之间的变换等2无提示词。主要是冠词、介词、代词、连接词、情态动词。首先,要分析句子结构,根据句子结构所缺的成分确定是哪类词。然后,根据全文大意和上下文的逻辑关
7、系来确定什么词。二、真题发布(2018全国课标卷I)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdonthavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63_(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit
8、64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014 66showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise.itsprobablyrunning.Toavoi
9、dkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyanditsalways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.二、真题发布(2018全国课标卷I)Accordingtoareviewo
10、fevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears61(long)thannon-runners.Youdonthavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof63_(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking
11、,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin2014 66showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise.itsprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercises
12、to68(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyanditsalways69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70atry.61.longer.62.tosee63.dying64.is65.than66.that/which67.causes68.strengthen69.energe
13、tic70.it/running二、真题发布(2018全国课标卷II)DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohasitstopcrop.Since2011,thecountry61_(grow)morecornthanrice。Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover_62_past25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.Atasteformeatis63_(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedch
14、ickens,pigs,andcattle.Anotherreasonforcornsrise:Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice64_(improve)waterquality.Cornuseslesswater_65_riceandcreateslessfertilizer(化肥)runoff.Thisswitchhasdecreased66_(pollute)inthecountrysmajorlakesandreservoirsandmadedrinkingwatersaferforpeople.According
15、totheWorldBank,Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal67_(globe)fertilizerconsumption.TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005whenthegovernment68_(start)asoil-testingprogram69_givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmersand2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.Thatpreventedtheemission(排放)of51.8milliontonsofcarbondioxide.Chinasapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile70_(feed)itscitizens“offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide,”saysthebanksJuergenVoegele.二、真题发布(2018全国课标卷II)DietshavechangedinChina-andsotoohas
copyright@ 2008-2022 冰豆网网站版权所有
经营许可证编号:鄂ICP备2022015515号-1