值得收藏的英语科技论文写作指导宝典优质PPT.ppt

1、from:#TheACSStyleGuide:#AManualforAuthorsandEditors,1stedition（1986）,2ndedition（1997）英语科技论文英语科技论文语法和修辞（表达）概要语法和修辞（表达）概要一点说明一点说明不同来源的资料，说法不完全相同不同来源的资料，说法不完全相同气象科技英文编辑曾晓梅：#“信中谈到的问题我也注意到了。#不同的书、不同出版单位有自己的说法和做法，不同国家的英文，差异也很大。#我在中国科技期刊研究上文章根据的是几本美国大学英语课常用教学参考书（已列作该文的参考文献），我习惯遵守这几本书的规定。#实际上，一些权威的书和期刊上前后都不

2、一致。#现在，我在改稿时的做法是，在两者均有根据（或范例）时，一般来说不改，除非文中内容是指个体还是整体非常明显。#*”*指主谓一致。#第1部分几个语法问题几个语法问题科技英语写作语法错误举例第2部分修辞与表达修辞与表达英语写作表达的几个问题平山健三英语化学论文写作方法市原英语论文的写作方法孙娴柔实用英语科技论文写作周春晖科技英语写作冯志杰汉英科技翻译指要任胜利英语科技论文撰写与投稿英文现刊以及英文学术专著第1部分几个语法问题几个语法问题科技英语写作语法错误举例科技英语写作语法错误举例1Subject-VerbAgreements2RestrictiveandNonrestrictiveCla

3、uses3DanglingModifiers（垂悬修饰语）4AwkwardOmissionsofVerbsandAuxiliaryVerbs1Subject-VerbAgreements（1）在主语中含并列连词“and”时，应正确区分是单个主语还是并列主语。#若属前者，谓语动词为单数形式，若属后者，谓语动词则为复数形式。#例1Applicationofthistechniquetostudiesonphytoplanktonbiomassanditsenvironmentsaredescribed.说明Thesubjectis“application”,whichissingular.Appl

4、icationofthistechniquetois described.例 2 Description of the experimentalconditions and the results of the presentinvestigationis madeindetailinthispaper.此句中的主语为description,theexperimentalconditionsandtheresults是并列的，与of构成介词短语作定语，故谓语动词用“is made”。#例3Theexperimentalconditionandtheresultofthepresentinves

5、tigationaredescribedindetailinthispaper.此句中的主语为theexperimentalconditionandtheresult,为并列主语，故谓语用are described.Sometimes,twosingularsubjectsjoinedby“and”causethiserror.例4GrowthandisolationofM13viruswasdescribedGrowthand isolationofM13viruswere described.Exception:#Asubjectthatispluralinformbutsingulari

6、neffecttakesasingularverb.例5The name and addressofeachcontributorisgivenonthetitlepage.例6Research and developmentisattractingagrowingnumberofyoungscientists.R&#Ddepartment（2）However,when two or more subjects arejoinedby“or”,theverbtakesthenumberoftheclosestsubject.例7Applicationoruses werenoted.Useso

7、rapplication wasnoted.例8Theappropriatemetalionconcentrationorthe rate constants wereused.Therateconstantsorappropriatemetalion concentration wasused.当两个以上主语以 or,neithernor,eitheror,notonlybutalso 等组句时，谓语动词应与其最近的名词在人称和数上保持一致。#例9Either ethylene chlorohydrin or bromohydrin isis treated with strong alka

8、li to give ethylene oxide （与bromohydrin 一致）.例10 Coagulation of an AgCl precipitate occurs at the equivalence point,where neither chloride nor silver ions areare in excess.（与ions一致）例11 Not only CS2 but also CuSO4 and AgCl werewere purified before the use （与CuSO4 and AgCl一致）在“thereis”，“thereare”句型中，主语

9、为复合主语时，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致例12Therewasaprofessorandseveralstudentsinthelibrary.Therewereseveralstudentsandaprofessorinthelibrary.（3）Collectivenounstakeasingularverbwhenthegroupasawholeismeant;#inthatcasetheyareoftenprecededbytheword“the”.Collectivenounstakeapluralverbwhenindividualsofthegroup are meant;#in

10、that case,they are oftenprecededbytheword“a”.contentsmajorityrangecouplenumberseriesdozenpairvarietygroup例13The seriesisarrangedinorderofdecreasingsize.说明Referstothe seriesasaunit.例14A series ofcompoundsweretested.说明Referstoeachcompound.例15Thenumberofmetalamidessynthesizedwasthelargesttodate.（Refers

11、tothenumberasaunit.）Anumberofmetalamidesweresynthesized.（Referstoeachamide.）例16Theseriesofcompoundswas preparedtotestthehypothesis.（Referstotheseriesasaunit.）Aseriesofcompoundswere tested.（Referstoeachcompound.）例 17 A series of low molecular weightphenolphthaleinepoxyresins（Mn500-700）has beenprepare

12、dfromphenolphthaleinandepichlorohydrin using K2CO3（Na2CO3）/H2O ascatalystsinsteadofNaOH/H2O.Aseriesoflowmolecularweightphenolphthaleinepoxyresins（Mn500-700）hevebeenpreparedfromphenolphthaleinandepichlorohydrin using K2CO3（Na2CO3）/H2O ascatalystsinsteadofNaOH/H2O.an average of+数数词词（意思为平均数量有之多）作主语，谓语动

13、词用复数复数形式Anaverageof100kindsofreagentswereinregularsupplyfromthecompanyeachyear.the average of+数词数词意思为平均数（值）作主语，谓语动词用单数单数形式。#Theaverageofaseriesofvaluesisobtainedsimplybyaddingalltheindividualvaluesanddividingthesumbythenumberofvalues.（=Theaverageofaseriesofvaluesisobtainedsimplybyaddingalltheindivid

14、ualvaluesanddividingthesumbythemeasurementtimes.）（4）“Data”canbeasingularorpluralnoun.例18Experimental datathatweobtainedare comparedwithpreviouslyreportedresults.说明Referstothedataasindividualresults.例19Afterthedataare distributed,wecanmeettodiscussthem.Afterthedatais distributed,wecanmeettodiscussit.

15、说明Referstothewholecollectionofdataasoneunit.（5）Units of measurement are treated ascollectivenounsandthereforetakeasingularverb.例20Themixturewasstirred,and5mLofdiluentwere added.Themixturewasstirred,and5 mLofdiluentwasadded.例21FivegramsofNaCLwereaddedtothesolution.Five gramsofNaCL wasaddedtothesoluti

16、on.例22Threeweeksareneededtocompletetheexperiment.Three weeksisneededtocompletetheexperiment.例23Noneofthesampleswas soluble.Noneofthesamplesweresoluble.说明Referstoindividuals.例24Thisgroupofworkersarewellawareoftheirresponsibilities.This groupofworkersiswellawareofitsresponsibilities.说明Referstothegroupasaunit.（6）某些特殊变化的复数名词切不可误认为是单数名词，这样的词（如analyses,bacteria,criteria,formulae,phenomena,spectra，data等）作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。#例 25 Extensive data on the thermodynamicalpropertiesoftheelementsareavailable.例26TheIRabsorptionspectra