语法时态与语态1PPT文件格式下载.ppt

1、Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。骄者必败。注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。般现在时。e.g:Columbusprovedthattheearthisround.4.代替将来，可用于表示事先安排或计代替将来，可用于表示事先安排或计划好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示划好的将来的动作，这些动词往往表示“来，去，出发，到达来，去，出发，到达”等含义，如：等含义，如：begin,start,come,go,arrive,return,leave,stop,open,close,

2、end,stay,do,have,give,die,meet,seeoff,gooff等等（有具体的时间有具体的时间状语）状语）e,g:Thetrainstartsatfive.Theplanearrivesatsix.5.在时间状语从句，条件状语从句以及在时间状语从句，条件状语从句以及让步状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，让步状语从句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。从句用一般现在时。e,g:Iwillgoifyougo.Youcanjointheclubwhenyougetabitolder.NOTES:Ifyouwilllisten,Iwilltellyouaboutit.6.被动语态

3、的构成被动语态的构成am/is/are+过去分词过去分词e.g:TheGreatWallisknownallovertheworld.Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.1.-Whenwillyoucometoseeme,Dad?-Iwillgotoseeyouwhenyou_thetrainingcourse.A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish2.Visitors_nottootouchtheexhibits.A.willrequestB.requestC.arerequestingD.arereq

4、uestedD3.I_pingpongquitewell,butIhaventhadtimetoplaysincethenewyear.A.willplayB.haveplayedC.playedD.play4.-You are drinking too much.-Only at home.No one_me but you.A.is seeing B.had seen C.sees D.sawC5.-Willyougoskiingwithmethiswintervacation.?-It_.A.alldependB.alldependsC.isalldependedD.isalldepen

5、dingB6.-CanIhelpyou,sir?-YesIboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit_.A.didntworkB.wontworkB.C.cantworkC.D.doesntwork7.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection_.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted8.ItwasuntilthenthatIcametoknowthatknowledge_onlyfrompractice.A.hascomeB.comesB.C.cameD.hadco

6、meB二、现在进行时二、现在进行时（am/is/are+v-ing）a.表示现在表示现在（指说话人说话指说话人说话时时）正在发生的事情。正在发生的事情。Wearewaitingforyou.b.习惯进行：表示长期的或重习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。正在进行。Mr.Greeniswritinganothernovel.SheislearningpianounderMr.Smith.c.表示渐变的动词有：表示渐变的动词有：get,grow,become,turn,run,go,begin等。等。Theleavesareturningred.I

7、tsgettingwarmerandwarmer.d.与与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.e.am/is/are+being+p.p.（被动被动语态）语态）1.Mydictionary_,Ihavelookedforiteverywherebutstill_it.A.haslost,dontfindB.ismissing,dontfindC.haslost,haventfoun

8、dD.ismissing,haventfound.D2.不用进行时的动词不用进行时的动词1）事实状态的动词事实状态的动词have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue等。Ihavetwobrothers.Thishousebelongstomysister2）心理状态的动词心理状态的动词know,realize,think,see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mea

9、n,understand,love,hate等。Ineedyourhelp.Helovesherverymuch.3）瞬间动词瞬间动词accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse.Iacceptyouradvice4）系动词系动词seem,remain,lie,see,hear,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turnYouseemalittletired.二二.一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法1.在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。存在的状态。时间状语有：yest

10、erday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982等。Wheredidyougojustnow?但有时状语可以省去或隐含，需从上下但有时状语可以省去或隐含，需从上下文中猜测。文中猜测。2.表示在过去一段时间内，经常表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。性或习惯性的动作。WhenIwasachild,Ioftenplayedfootballinthestreet.WhenevertheBrownswentduringtheirvisit,theyweregivenawarmwelcome.3.wish,wonder,think,hope等等用过去时，作试

11、探性的询问、用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。请求、建议等。Ithoughtyoumighthavesome.我以为你想要一些。我以为你想要一些。4.被动语态的构成被动语态的构成was/were+p.p.1.-Wherehaveyoubeenrecently?-I_inHangzhouonbusinessforaweeklastmonth.A.havebeenB.wasB.C.hadbeenD.hadgone2.-Yourphonenumberagain?I_quitecatchit.-Its69568442.A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cantBA3.-Whatha

12、ppenedtothepricelessworksofart?-_.A.TheyweredestroyedintheearthquakeB.TheearthquakewasdestroyingthemC.TheydestroyedintheearthquakeD.Theearthquakedestroyedthem4.-Youhaventsaidawordaboutmynewcoat,Brenda.Doyoulikeit?-ImsorryI_anythingaboutitsooner.Icertainlythinkitsprettyonyou.A.wasntsayingB.dontsayC.w

13、ontsayD.didntsay5.Myuncle_untilhewasforty-five.A.marriedB.didntmarryC.wasnotmarryingD.wouldmarry6.Anawfulaccident_,however,occurtheotherday.A.doesB.didC.hastoD.hadto7.OldMcdonaldgaveupsmokingforawhile,butsoon_tohisoldways.A.returnedB.returnsC.wasreturningD.hadreturned8.-Nancyisnotcomingtonight.-Buts

14、he_.A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised注意：用过去时表示现在，表示委婉用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。语气。1）动词）动词want,hope,wonder,think,intend等。Didyouwantanythingelse?Iwonderedifyoucouldhelpme.2）情态动词情态动词could,would.Couldyoulendmeyourbike？Wouldyoudomeafavor?3used to/be used tousedto+do：Motherusednottobesoforgetful.Scarfu

15、sedtotakeawalk.beusedto+n./doing：对对已感到习惯，或已感到习惯，或“习惯于习惯于”，to是介是介词，后需加名词或动名词。词，后需加名词或动名词。Heisusedtoavegetariandiet.Scarfisusedtotakingawalk.（现在现在习惯于散步习惯于散步）三三.一般将来时一般将来时shall/will+V1.shall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人称，常被will所所代替。代替。will在陈述句中用于各人称，在在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。征求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst?Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening?2.begoingto+不定式，表示将来。不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做某事。主语的意图，即将做某事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?b.计划，安排要发生的事。计划，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducednextmonth。c.有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发