英语翻译的方法PPT推荐.ppt

1、We have the ability to solve this crisis and avoid the worst-thought not all-of its consequence,if we act boldly,decisively and quickly.我们有能力化解这场危机，避免其向最坏的方向发展虽然这是不可避免的，如果我大胆、果断、迅速的行动。如果我大胆、果断、迅速的行动，我们就有能力化解这场危机，避免其向最坏的方向发展虽然这是不可避免的。3）直译法：直译法：直译法即是在目的语中可以找到对应的词时，直接对译，在转达原文直译法即是在目的语中可以找到对应的词时，直接对译，在转

2、达原文的意思时，时译文的表达形式和句法结构尽量同原文保持一致，在能的意思时，时译文的表达形式和句法结构尽量同原文保持一致，在能够完全对等的情况下则完全对等，不能完全对等的情况下大致对等即够完全对等的情况下则完全对等，不能完全对等的情况下大致对等即可。可。Seeing is believing.白闻不如一见Out of sight,out of mind眼不见，心不烦。4）意译法）意译法;意译即是在整体把握文章或者句子的背景以及意义的前提下，对意译即是在整体把握文章或者句子的背景以及意义的前提下，对语言中的词汇、语义空缺进行适当的增译。语言中的词汇、语义空缺进行适当的增译。简而言之，就是打破原文

3、的语言形式，用译文的习惯表达方式把简而言之，就是打破原文的语言形式，用译文的习惯表达方式把原文意思意蕴在现出来。原文意思意蕴在现出来。Tom is played by three actresses.直译:汤姆被三个演员饰演。意译：三位演员分别饰演不同阶段的汤姆。5）Analyze your passions.Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate,most energetic,most engagedand see if you can develop a common profile of

4、these situations.Develop a list of your passions.How many of these times occur while you are at work.Reflect on=considerate 思考思考Passionate=excited 热烈的烈的 激昂的激昂的Energetic=vigorous 精力充沛的精力充沛的 积极的极的 有活力的有活力的Engaged=engrossed 引起注意或引起注意或兴趣趣 全神全神贯注的注的Profile=n.侧面 外形 轮廓 vt.描的轮廓 Reflect on the times and situ

5、ations in which you feel most passionate,most energetic,most engagedand see if you can develop a common profile of these situations.Paraphrase:Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited,most vigorous,most engrossed and try to generalize the features of these situations.思考这些让你觉得

6、最兴奋，最有活力，最有吸引力的时期和情境，尝试着概括这些情景的共同特点。转喻（转喻（metonymymetonymy）与提喻（）与提喻（synecdochesynecdoche）的比较：）的比较：metonymy与synecdoche的共同点是它们都可以用人体的各个部位进行借代；它们的不同点在于：metonymy是利用人体部位指代其功能或特点，而synecdoche则是利用人体的部位指代整体。试比较：例1：Her heart ruled her head.她的感情控制了理智。-emotions good sense（该句用“心”指代“感情”，用“头”指代“理智”。虽然“心”和“头”都是人体的部

7、位，但说话者并没有用它们来借代“人”这个整体，而是指代根据其特点联想所产生的东西，故该句所采用的修辞手法是metonymy。）例2：No eye saw him,but a second later every ear heard a gunshot.没有人看见他。可是，一秒钟以后每个人都听到一声枪响。-man （“眼睛”和“耳朵”都是人体的部位，在此用来借代其整体“人”。故该句所采用的修辞手法是synecdoche。）例3：We are all ears.我们洗耳恭听。-listening attentively（“耳朵”是人体部位，在此用来指代其“听”的功能，故该句所采用的修辞手法是met

8、onymy。）例4：Two heads are better than one.两个脑袋总比一个脑袋强。-people（“头”是人体部位，在此指代整体“人”，故该句所采用的修辞手法是synecdoche。）例5：He has an old head on young shoulders.他年轻而有见识。-experiences young man（head是人体部位，前面加了形容词old后，产生一种联想意义，即“有见识的”；shoulders也是人体部位，前面加了形容词young后，产生一种象征意义，即“年轻人”。该句没有用人体部位指代整体，而是用人体部位指代其特点，故该句所采用的修辞手法是m

9、etonymy。）例6：Never show your face again.千万不要再露面。-body（“脸”是人体部位，在此指代整个“人”，故该句所采用的修辞手法是synecdoche。）6）Analogy:（类比）（类比）It is also a form of comparison,but unlike simile or metaphor which usually uses comparison on one point of resemblance,analogy draws a parallel between two unlike things that have sever

10、al common qualities or points of resemblance 相似.类比是就两个本质上不同的事物之间的共同的特征和相似点进行平行比较，从中找出两者的相似之处，得出针对性极强的结论。从结构辨析：1）A is to B as C is to D eg:Food is to man as fuel is to engine.2）A is to B what C is to D（or:A to B is what C is to D,or what C is to D,A is to B）eg:Judicious praise is to children what is

11、sun to flower.3）（just）as AB,（so）CD（so CD,just as A.B）eg:as dark clouds cannot long hide the sun,no lies can cover up the facts.4）If A were B,C wouldD7）Personification:（拟人）（拟人）It gives human form of feelings to animals,or life and personal attributes（赋予）to inanimate（无生命的）objects,or to ideas and abstr

12、actions（抽象）.拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。1、She may have tens of thousand of babies in one summer.（From“Watching Ants”）一个夏天她可能生育成千上万个孩子。这里用“she”和“babies”把蜜蜂比作人类妇女的生育。2、The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.（把夜拟人化）3、I was very happy and could hear t

13、he birds singing in the woods.（把鸟拟人化）8）Hyperbole:（夸张）（夸张）It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.夸张（hyperbole）这是运用丰富的想象，言过其实的说法，渲染和装饰客观事物，以达到强调的效果。1、My blood froze.我的血液都凝固了。2、I beg a thousand pardons.3、Love you.You are the whole world to me,and the moon and the

14、stars.4、When she heard the bad news,a river of tears poured out.9）Understatement:（含蓄陈述）含蓄陈述）It is the opposite of hyperbole（夸张的语句）,or overstatement.It achieves its effect of emphasizing a fact by deliberately（故意地）understating it,impressing the listener or the reader more by what is merely implied or

15、 left unsaid than by bare statement.一、借助词汇手段表示低调陈述借助词汇手段表示低调陈述：I have studied humane nature,and I knew a thing or two.句子中“略知一二（know a thing or two）”表明说话人非常谦虚，为人低调，同时强调他见多识广，能洞察人情和识破虚假。二、借助语法手段表示低调陈述二、借助语法手段表示低调陈述1.虚拟语气虚拟语气 I know he is honest,and I wish I could add he were capable.这句话的内涵是：诚实只能说明一个人的品质，不能表明他的才干。说话人意在强调“he is honest,but not capable of dealing with things.2.双重否定表示低调陈述双重否定表示低调陈述 It was not without reason that the council decided to take such measures.这句话的