建筑英语第八讲PPT资料.pptx

1、这些特征主要体现在以下几个方面：课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph2-11.WoodenFrameworksWoodenframeworksforbuildingsappearedataveryearlyperiodofChinesehistory.First,rowsofwoodenpillarsareraisedfromtheground,onwhichhorizontalwoodenroofbeamsandcrossbeamsareplaced.Therooftimbersarelaidonthebeams,sothattheweightoftheroofisalltransmitte

2、dtothegroundbywayofbeamsandtheuprightpillars.Theadvantagesofthisformofstructureareasfollows:1.1.木质框架木质框架木框架建筑出现在中国历史上非常早的时期。首先，一排排木柱从地面升起，其上放置水平木质屋梁和横梁。屋顶的木材被放置在横梁，从而使屋顶的重量是全部由横梁和立柱的方式传送到地面。这种结构形式的优点如下：Beam:n.梁，椽v.传送，发光Crossbeam:n.横梁，檩WoodenFrameworks课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph2-2First,thewoodenframeworkbear

3、salltheweightofthebuilding,whichmakestheinstallationofboththeouterandinnerwallsflexibleandabletobeplacedinaccordancewithpracticalneeds.Doorandwindowscanbeinstalledbetweentheerectedpillars,orthepillarscanbeleftopen.Inside,thehousecanbedividedintospaceswithdifferentpurposesusingwoodenpartitionsandscre

4、ens.首先，木制框架承担建筑物的全部重量，这使得两者的外壁和内壁能够灵活安装，并且能够根据实际需要放置。门和窗户可以立柱之间安装，或者立柱可以开敞（如柱廊状）。房子的内部空间则因不同的目的而使用木质隔板来区分。Pillar:n.支柱partition:n.划分；隔离物WoodenFrameworks课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph2-3Second,thewoodenframeworkisshock-resistant,becausethepartsarelinkedbymortise-and-tenonjoint.So,whensubjectedtoaviolentshocksucha

5、sthatfromanearthquake,awoodenframeworkislesslikelytobreakorfalldownthanabrickorastoneone.Third,awoodenframeworkiseasytoconstruct.Woodisanaturalmaterial,notlikebricksandtileswhicharemanufactured.Comparedwithstoneswhicharealsonaturalmaterials,woodismucheasiertoobtain,refineandworkon.第二，木框架是耐冲击的，因为部件由榫

6、卯结构相连。所以，当受到剧烈撞击，例如地震时相比砖或石头，一个木制的框架是不容易折断或倒下。第三，木制的框架易于施工。木材是一种天然材料，而不是像砖瓦是人工制造的。与也是天然材料的石块相比，木材很容易获得，加工和使用。mortise-and-tenon:n.榫眼和榫refine：v.精炼；改进tiles：n.瓷砖，瓦片Toukong&Mortise-and-tenon课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph3-12.CollectiveLayoutofStructureTraditionalChinesebuildingsarealwaysfoundinpairsorgroups,whethert

7、heyareresidences,templesorpalaces.TheSiheyuan（courtyardhouseorquadrangle）inBeijingisthetypicalformofresidenceinnorthChina.Itisacompoundwithhousesaroundasquarecourtyard.Themainhouseinthecourtyardisoccupiedbytheheadofthefamily,andthejuniormembersliveinthewingsoneachside.2.2.结构的集合式布局结构的集合式布局中国传统建筑都是成双或

8、以组群形式出现的，无论是住所，寺庙还是宫殿。北京的四合院四合院（庭院式房子或方形庭院）是中国北方典型的民居建筑形式。它是房子与周围的方形庭院的复合。庭院中的正房由一家之主占据，而资历较浅的家庭成员则住在每边的厢房。Quadrangle：n.四边形；方形庭院TypicalSiheyuanCourtyardHousewithLabels宅门：zhaimen,Themaingates（sizeanddecorationindicatedsocialstatus）影壁：yingbi,ScreenWalls（ensureprivacyandkeptoutevilspirits）倒座房：daozuofan

9、g,Reversely-setRooms正房：zhengfang,PrincipalRooms（theheadofhouseholdusuallyliveshere）耳房:erfang,SideRooms厢房：xiangfang,WingRooms游廊：youlang,Corridors垂花门：chuihua men,ChuihuaGate（separatesfirstcourtyardfromsecondcourtyard）庭院:tingyuan,MainfamilycourtyardSiheyuan课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph3-2Thislayoutnotonlyconforms

10、tothefeudalChinesefamilymoralprincipleofdistinctionbetweentheolderandyounger,andmaleandfemalemembers,butalsoprovidesaquietandprivateenvironmentforfamilylife.Templesandpalacesalsosometimesdisplaythislayout.IntheForbiddenCityinBeijing,therearenearly1,000hallsofvariedsizeswhichareallgroupedaroundlargeo

11、rsmallcourtyards.这种布局不仅符合封建中国家庭中老年人和年轻人，男性和女性成员之间的道德区分原则，而且还为家庭生活提供了安静和私密的环境。寺庙和宫殿有时也是这种布局。在北京故宫故宫，有近千个不同尺寸厅堂由大小庭院分组而成。Conform：v.使一致；遵从theForbiddenCity课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph4Ingardenarchitecture,inordertocreateanenvironmentwithhillsandwatersofnaturalbeautyinalimitedspace,structuresareusuallycarefullysep

12、arateandlaidirregularlytomakevariablespacesanddifferentlandscape.Althoughoccasionallygroupedaroundcourtyards,thepavilions,terraces,towersandhallsareoftenseparatesceneswithatenuousconnectionbetweenthem.在园林建筑中，为了在有限的空间内创造出自然美的山水环境，结构通常被仔细的分离和不规律的摆放以形成多变的空间和不同的景观。虽然亭台楼阁偶尔环绕着周围的庭院成群出现，但往往它们是以微妙联系彼此而分离的场景。Tenuous：adj.脆弱的；纤细的SuzhouGardens课文翻译课文翻译 Paragraph