1、30CDBWho:I,the pilotRecentlyLas Vegasattend a meeting,there would be a slight _ before setting downB_ _ _DADkeepingbloodnotice_ _Dcommunity _ 35.A.rag B.hat C.pocket D.counter 39.A.words B.effort C.space D.moneyhatmoneyBDBC_dogexplore策略四策略四 了解文化背景知识,培养学生跨文化理解能力了解文化背景知识,培养学生跨文化理解能力中西方的文化差异主要体现在以下几个方面
2、:中西方的文化差异主要体现在以下几个方面:1.1.价值观与道德标准的差异价值观与道德标准的差异西方人崇拜个人奋斗,尤其会为个人取得的成就而自豪,从来不西方人崇拜个人奋斗,尤其会为个人取得的成就而自豪,从来不掩饰自己的自信心,荣誉感以及在获得成就后的狂喜。相反,中掩饰自己的自信心,荣誉感以及在获得成就后的狂喜。相反,中国文化不主张炫耀个人荣誉,而是提倡谦虚。中国人反对王婆卖国文化不主张炫耀个人荣誉,而是提倡谦虚。中国人反对王婆卖瓜式的自吹自擂,然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西瓜式的自吹自擂,然而中国式的自我谦虚或自我否定却常常使西方人大为不满。方人大为不满。“Your English i
3、s very good.”“No,my Your English is very good.”“No,my English is very poor.”;“Youve done a very good English is very poor.”;“Youve done a very good job.”“No,I dont think so.Its the result of joint job.”“No,I dont think so.Its the result of joint efforts.”efforts.”在西方人看来,这种谦虚不仅否定了自己,也否定了在西方人看来,这种谦虚不仅
4、否定了自己,也否定了赞扬者的鉴赏力。赞扬者的鉴赏力。2.2.社会礼仪的差异社会礼仪的差异中国人见面喜欢问对方姓名年龄单位及收入等。而西方人很讨厌中国人见面喜欢问对方姓名年龄单位及收入等。而西方人很讨厌人家问及年龄及收入。中国人路遇熟人总爱寒暄到:人家问及年龄及收入。“吃饭了妈吃饭了妈?”“”“到哪儿去?到哪儿去?”“”“上班呀?上班呀?”等。在我们看来这是一种有礼等。在我们看来这是一种有礼貌的打招呼用于,而若你跟西方人这样打招呼貌的打招呼用于,而若你跟西方人这样打招呼“Have you had Have you had your meal?”“Where are you going?”your
5、 meal?”他们则会认为你想请他他们则会认为你想请他吃饭或者干涉其私事,会引起误解。西方人见面,通常招呼道吃饭或者干涉其私事,会引起误解。西方人见面,通常招呼道:“Hello!”“How do you do!”“Its a nice day,isnt“Hello!”“Its a nice day,isnt it?”it?”对于别人的赞扬,中国人通常表示谦虚,并有一套谦虚之词,对于别人的赞扬,中国人通常表示谦虚,并有一套谦虚之词,比如比如“惭愧,哪里,寒舍,拙文惭愧,哪里,寒舍,拙文”等。而西方人总是高兴地回答等。而西方人总是高兴地回答 Thank youThank you以表接受。中国人用以
6、表接受。中国人用“谢谢谢谢”的场合较西方人少,尤其的场合较西方人少,尤其是非常亲近的朋友或家庭成员之间不常说是非常亲近的朋友或家庭成员之间不常说“谢谢谢谢”。而西方人整天把而西方人整天把Thank you Thank you 挂在嘴边,即使是亲朋好友和家庭成挂在嘴边,即使是亲朋好友和家庭成员之间也常如此。中国人收到礼物时往往放到一边,看也不看员之间也常如此。中国人收到礼物时往往放到一边,看也不看(生怕人家说贪心)。而西方人收到礼物时要当着客人的面马上(生怕人家说贪心)。而西方人收到礼物时要当着客人的面马上打开并连声称好。中国人殷勤好客,一杯杯斟酒,一遍遍上菜,打开并连声称好。中国人殷勤好客,一
7、杯杯斟酒,一遍遍上菜,客人不吃不行,不喝也不行,使西方人觉得难以对付。而西方人客人不吃不行,不喝也不行,使西方人觉得难以对付。而西方人的习惯是:的习惯是:Help yourself,please!中国人送客人时,主人与客中国人送客人时,主人与客人常说人常说“慢走,小心点,再见,走好啊,你们进去吧,请留步慢走,小心点,再见,走好啊,你们进去吧,请留步“等。而西方人只说等。而西方人只说Bye,see you later,see you next time,Bye,see you later,see you next time,good night good night 等。等。3.3.社会习俗的差
8、异社会习俗的差异对女性的态度,美国妇女和中国妇女的地位都不高,但美国妇女对女性的态度,美国妇女和中国妇女的地位都不高,但美国妇女却有幸能享受许多传统的骑士习俗,尊重妇女的礼节在美国社会却有幸能享受许多传统的骑士习俗,尊重妇女的礼节在美国社会随处可见:男士为女士开门;男士扶女士下车;在马路上,男士随处可见:在马路上,男士走外侧,女士走内侧,以便给女士提供保护;女士进餐厅时,所走外侧,女士走内侧,以便给女士提供保护;女士进餐厅时,所有的男士都要起立;餐桌前,男士要为女士拉开椅子,待女士站有的男士都要起立;餐桌前,男士要为女士拉开椅子,待女士站好了再把椅子送回女士的身后,请她就坐。好了再把椅子送回女
9、士的身后,请她就坐。例一例一 I will never forget the year I was about twelve years old.My mother told us that we would not be _21_ Christmas gifts because there was not enough money,I felt sad and thought,“What would I say when the other kids asked what Id _22_?”(2010浙江卷)21.A.sending B.receiving C.making D.exchan
10、ging22.A.found B.prepared C.got D.expectedBC_例二例二 Robert Moody,52,is an experienced police officer.Much of his work involves dealing with _16_ and gang(团伙团伙)problems in the schools of his community.Knowing that many kids often _17_ trouble,he decided to do something about it-(2010 天津卷)16.A.drinking
11、B.drug C.security D.smoking17.A.ran into B.got over C.left behind D.looked intoBA_例三例三I _34_ and dropped all the coins into his 35 hat,and he smiled at me,I watched for a while.As _36_ as it sounds,I expected something more to come from that moment-a feeling of _37_ or satisfaction,for example.(2010
12、 陕西卷)34.A.waited B.followed C.stopped D.arrived36.A.selfish B.awkward C.innocent D.special37.A.happiness B.sadness C.love D.hate CAA_策略五策略五 增强语篇知识增强语篇知识语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位,如语篇一般指比句子长的语言单位,如句群,段落,篇章句群,段落,篇章等。语等。语篇与语篇之间往往有表明篇与语篇之间往往有表明其内在联系的词语其内在联系的词语,这些词语被称为,这些词语被称为“语篇标志语语篇标志语”。如表示。如表示结构层次结构层次的语篇标志语有的语篇标志
13、语有firstly,firstly,secondly,thirdly,finally secondly,thirdly,finally 等;表示等;表示因果关系因果关系的有的有thus,thus,therefore,so therefore,so 等;表示改变话题改变话题的有的有by the way,on the by the way,on the contrary contrary 等;表示递进关系递进关系的有的有besides,whatbesides,whats more,s more,furtherfurther等;表示时间关系时间关系的有的有before,so far,yet befo
14、re,so far,yet meanwhile,later meanwhile,later 等;表示转折关系转折关系的的but,whilebut,while等。考生做等。考生做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语,就可以迅速理清文章的脉络,弄清上下文之间的联系。脉络,弄清上下文之间的联系。例一例一 First of all,a pen should fit comfortably in your hand and be 40 easy to use.The thickness of the pen is the most important c
15、haracteristic 41 determining comfort.Having a small hand and thick fingers,you may be comfortable with a thin pen.If you have a 42 larger hand and thicker fingers,you may 43 prefer a fatter pen.The length of a pen can _44_ influence comfort.A pen that is too 45 long can easily feel top heavy and unstable.Then,the writing point of
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