生长发育(英文)优质PPT.ppt

1、development3.Physical growth4.Neuro-psychological development GROWTH&DEVELOPMENTvGrowthImplies change in size of the body as whole or its separate parts.vDevelopmentEmbraces changes of function（differentiation and maturation）,including those largely shaped by interaction with the structural,emotiona

2、l or social environment.1.DEFINITIONvConsecutive with variant velocityvImbalance between different systemsvGeneral sequence of developmentvInterpersonal difference2.RULES OF GROWTH&DEVELOPMENTGeneral sequence of developmentvUpperLowervProximal DistalvClumsyFinevLower gradeHigher gradevSimpleComplexv

3、Uncoordinated CoordinatedInterpersonal differenceNormal and abnormal are relativeDynamic observation is more importantA complex interaction between genes（nature）and environment（nurture）Contributing FactorsvInherence（Gene）vNutritionvDiseasevMaternal statusvEnvironmentvCommon parameters&methodsvGrowth

4、 before pubertyvGrowth on pubertyRelated Systems GrowthvOsseous developmentvDental development3.PHYSICAL GROWTHCommon parameters&methods vBody weightvBody lengthvSitting heightvHead circumferencevChest circumferencevUpper arm circumferenceCommon parametersvBody weightBirth weight3.23.3kg（2.54kg）Rela

5、ted factors:Gravidity and Parity,gestational age,gender,intrauterine nutrition statusPhysiological loss of body weight:Body weight deceased by 3-5%（9%of birth weight）over the first 5 to 6 days after birth as initial loss of ECF,and recovered to birth weight by the 7-10 days.Double birth weight:34mo

6、Triple birth weight:1 yrQuadruple birth weight:2 yrCommon parametersvBody weightContributing factors:Nutrition DiseasesThe 1st Year the most rapid growth stage1st 6 MoWt.（kg）=BW+Age（Mo）0.7（kg）712 Mo Wt.（kg）=BW+60.7+（Age-6）0.25212 YrWt.（kg）=Age（Yr）2+7（or 8）Adolescent:increase more rapidlyCommon param

7、etersvBody length （standing height or recumbent length）:the length of head,spine and lower limbsContributing factors:Gene,endocrine,intrauterine developmentAt birth averages 50 cm in full term1 Yr75 cm（increase 25 cm）2 Yr85 cm（increase 10 cm）212 YrAge7+70（cm）（5-7cm/yr.）3Yr should be measured by recu

8、mbent lengthCommon parametersvSitting height（from crown to buttock）Present the development of head and spine Trunk-leg ratio:Newborn67%of the BL4 Yr60%of the BLMenarche（girls）14 Yr（boys）53%of the BL Disorders:Hypothyroidism,AchondroplasiavSpan Common parametersvHead circumference -related to develop

9、ment of brain and skull -measurement is most valuable in the first 2yrs Head circumference At birth 32-34 cm3 months40 cm（increase 6 cm）1 Yr46 cm（increase 6 cm）2 Yr48 cm5 Yr50 cm15 Yr54 58 cmHC 1 Yrlarger than that of head,the difference value equals to the years of age minus 1 （HC+Age 1cm）Common pa

10、rametersvUpper arm circumference（13.5 cmGood12.513.5Medium 12.5cmMalnutrition Osseous developmentvCranial bone developmentclosures of sutures&fontanels main sutures3th or 4th Moanterior fontanel 1 1.5 Yrposterior fontanels6th 8th Wk.lateral fontanels 6th 8th Wk.vClinical significanceOsseous developm

11、entvDevelopment of Spine（Vertebral Column）At birth:almost straight3rd Mo:forward curvature at neck column6th Mo:backward curvature at thoracic column12thMo:forward curvature at lumbar column67Yrfixed by ligamentOsseous developmentvOssification centersappearance&union of epiphyseal ossificationThe os

12、sification centers occur in an orderly sequence with age;they cover the entire period from birth to early adulthood;The changes associated with progressive maturity are readily visible in the X-ray film;Osseous developmentvBone AgeThe numbers and progressive changes of ossification centers are measu

13、red by X-ray,and standardized by corresponding chronological age and sex.Bone age retardationhypothyroidism,dwarfism,malnutritionBone age advancedprecocious puberty,adrenal hyperactivityDental developmentvDeciduous teeth20begin to erupt 78 Mo（4 10 Mo）complete2 2.5 YrvPermanent teeth32begin to erupt

14、6 Yr vIndividual difference Gene,endocrine,food texturevAbnormal Hypothyroidism What is bony age?Describe motor development milestoneHAVE A BREAKDevelopment of neuro-psychology vIncluding Sensory,Motor,Language,Emotion Personality and Behavior patternsvIs the same important as physical growth vDeter

15、mined by an interplay between nature（genetic endowment）and nurture（predominantly provided by parents）maturation of neurological system learning from environment,resolution of conflict,cognitive change,cultural（ecological）adaptation4.NEURO-PSYCHOLOGIC DEV.NEURO-PSYCHOLOGIC DEVvBrain and Neurological

16、SystemvSensory and perception DevelopmentvMotor DevelopmentvSpeech and Language DevelopmentvCognitive,Social-emotional DevelopmentBrain&Neurological DevelopmentvBrain weightAt birth 370 gm（1012%of BW）1 Yr900gm Adult1500gm（2.5%of BW）Thinner cotex,less dendritesincomplete myelination until 4 YrsSpinal cord 2nd lumbar vertebra in neonate 1st lumbar vertebra by 4 Yr.Sensory&Perception Developm