1、s=莎拉的)2. The boys hat. (这男孩有一顶帽子)3. The boys hats.(这男孩有好几顶帽子)4. Joness office.(Jones 只有一个音节,结尾是 s, 所有格加 s)5. Jonessweet tooth is legendary. (Jones 的结尾是s, 而接下来的词又以s开始,那么,所有格就只加 )6. Moses mouth is wide. (Moses 的尾音有重复的z音,所有格只加 7. Louis candy is sticky. (Louis有不止一个音节,结尾s,所有格只加 )8. My mother-in-laws hous
2、e.(monther-in-law 之类的复合名词,所有格s加在结尾处)9. The Surgeon Generals report is due soon. (Surgeon General是复合词,同上。归纳一下:A. 一般单数名词(有生命的!),所有格只在结尾加 s (第1-3句)B. 如果单数名词尾是s, 或ce,所有格只加 或 s (第4句)C. 如果单数名词尾是s, 而跟着是以S开头的词,所有格只加 (第5句)D. 如果单数名词尾音有重复的s或z音,或是eez音,所有格只加 (第6句)E. 如果名词只有一个音节(syllable),所有格只能加 s (第4句)F. 如果名词有二个以
3、上音节,所有格则只加 (第7句)G. 复合词类处理法同A。(第8-9句)1.1.2二人(或其他动物)以上的所有格表示法:1. The boys shoes.(在复数boys尾加上 而不是 s 喔)2. The womens bags. (woman 的复数是 women, 所有格是 3. The childrens caps. (child 的复数是 children,和women同类型,所有格加4. The actresses hats.(actress 的复数是 actresses,因为结尾是 es, 因此所有格只加 便可)5. The babies toys.(baby 的复数是 bab
4、ies,结尾有es,因此所有格只加 6. Ms. Joneses house. (Joneses 是Jones 的复数)7. My mothers-in-laws house. (注意是motherS 喔,所有格还是加 A.简单复数名词(同样是有生命的)的所有格写法是:先将原来单数名词结尾加s变成复数,然后在结尾处再加上 即成。(第1句)B. 如果复数名词是由改变其内的韵母形成的,所有格同单数名词一样,结尾加上 s(第2-3句)C.如果复数名词尾是es, 所有格只加 (第4-6句)D.如果是复数复合名词,则先将主要单数名词转成复数,然后在复合名词尾加上s(第7句)1.1.3如果是几个名词并列的
5、,所有格 s 加在最后一个名词尾:1. Joe and Lindas house is being sold.乔和琳达的房子已卖了。(这里表示房子是Joe和Linda所共有)1.1.4如果几个名词是个别表示所有格时,每个名词尾都须加上 s :1.Mikes and Mollys grades have improved.迈克和莫莉的成绩已有进步。(这里表示迈克和莫莉各别的成绩都有进步)1.1.5不定式名词的所有格是在词尾加 s:1. I need someones help with my homework.(someone 指某人,所有格someones某人的)1.1.6代名词的所有格不可加
6、上 s :1. Shella, whose eyes are blue?(whose哪个人的,已有所有格的意思)2. This book is hers, not yours.(hers她的,yours你的)3. It hurt its paw. (its 它的)4. Its a nice day. (its 是 it is 的意思,不属于所有格)5. That is your right. (your 你的)1.2缩写式(Contractions):1.2.1 在字词、日期中一部份字母或数字被省略,以 代之 。1. She wouldnt work for the govt in 93.(w
7、ouldnt=would not, govt=government, 93=1993)1.2.2名字、头衔的缩写格式可省略 1. Lt. Wm. Jones visited us.(Lt. =Lieutenant, 不可写成 Lt , Wm=William, 不可写成 Wm)1.3 复数形式(Plurals):1.3.1当一个词在句子里能清楚反映其复数意义时,不可再加 :1.Dont give me any ifs, ands, or buts.(不可写成 ifs , ands , but1.3.2在句子里,当一个词仅仅作为一个词时,其复数形式可加 s 使其含意更清晰:1.He used tw
8、enty-five ands in one paragraph.他在一段里用了25个and字。1.3.3 日期、数目字、只取首字母的缩写词(acronyms)这类以大写字母结尾时,复数形式只需加上 s ,不必再加上 :1.Seven Ph.D.s lived in this building in the 1970s.(Ph.D.s 不可写成Ph.D.s,1970s 也不可写成 19701.3.4 当一个大写字母的复数形式可能会被误解时,可加上 s 以表示复数:1.The Roman Numerals for the number eight is a V followed by three
9、Is. 罗马数字八的写法是V后加上三个 I 。(这时如果 Is 只写成 Is , 就可能引起误解)逗号/逗点在中文或英文里是再普通不过的一个标点符号;可是,它的用法在中文和英里可就不一定相同了。二、Comma (,) 逗号、逗点在英文里,逗号的用途有:* 连接句子里不同的成份* 分开句子里不同的成份* 突出句子里的某个成份* 替代句子里的某个成份成份指:词、短语(phrase)、子句(clause)等。2.1连接句子里不同的成份2.1.1 逗号用在以 and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet 等连接词的两个主要子句之间:1. My father is fond of fi
10、shing, but my mother prefers hiking. (以 ,but 连接两个子句)2. He painted the exterior of the house, and she painted the interior. (以,and 连接两个子句)2.2分开句子里不同的成份2.2.1 用逗号分开两个以上的并列形容词:(如果并列的形容词之间可加上and, but等,那就加上逗号;否则不可)1.She is a little and old lady. (不可写成 She is a little, old lady.)2.2.2在两个修饰主语的短语之间加上逗号(句短可不加
11、):1. While waiting for the bus on that cold rainy night, she started sneezing. (主语she)2.At 10 oclock the bus arrived.(不必写成 At 10 oclock, the bus arrived.)2.2.3在 Jr., (junior)Esq., (先生)Ph.D.,【哲学博士(Philosophiae Doctor)】Inc., 有限公司(incorporated)等名称之前及后都要加上逗号(除了所有格的名称):1. They identified him as Howard R.
12、 Williams, Jr., chairman of their board.(,Jr.,)2.That is Howard R. Williams, Jr.s company.(,Jr.s后面不可再加逗号)2.2.4在追问句之前加逗号:1.Do it, wont you?(Do it 是命令语气,won是追问)2.You know the answer, don2.2.5一个以副词或副词短语开头的句子,如果它和前面的句子有关联的话,必须在有关副词或副词短语后加上逗号:1.She believed he had the talent to succeed.Unfortunately, he
13、was lazy.(后一个句子以副词 unfortunately 开头,同时这个句子和前一个句子有直接的关联)*2.2.6在句子里有超过三个并列词或短语等,在最后一个,and, or, nor等之前加逗号:1.He promised to supply the pencils, pens, and notebooks for the class. (简单说就是 pencils, pens, notebooks 要写成 pencils, pens, and notebooks)2. Her mother sells tomatoes, potatoes, apples, and peaches.
14、 (.apples, and.)3. She ran up the stairs, across the porch, and into the house.(up the staris, across the porch, into the house 是三个短语,在最后一个加 ,and)4. We all agreed that she was beautiful,that she was intelligent, and that she was ambitious.(三个 that she was.都是子句 )*2.2.7 在句子中加上逗号,以免引起误解:1.That she knew where the money was, was news to me.(如果w
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