1、 Where does he live? 注意:(1)The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.客观真理在从句中也用一般现在时 (2) I will go to the party if I am free tomorrow. The teacher told us I would go to the party if I was free.在if 引导的条件状语从句中,when引导的时间状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表将来;如果主句是过去将来时,从句要用一般过去时表将来。2.现在进行时 说话时正在进行的动
2、作或当前一段时间正在进行的动作now,these days am/is/are+现在分词(-ing) am/is/are working am/is/are+not+现在分词Am/Is/Are+主语+现在分词 + 其它?Yes,I am(he is.) No,they arent 特殊疑问举例:What are you doing now? Who is flying a kite there? 注意:go,come,leave.arrive,return,die等的进行时表将来 。Look! The bus is coming.3.一般将来时将来会出现或发生的动作常用时间状语:this ev
3、ening,tomorrow,next month,in a few minutes,at the end of this term动词构成: 1,will/shall+动原 2,am/is/are going to+动词原型 3,sm/is/are(about)+动词不定式 4,am/is/are+coming等现在分词以work为例:will/shall work am/is/are going to work am/is/are(about) to work am/is/are coming/leaving否定构成:will/shall not am/is/are not特殊疑问句举例:
4、What will you do tomorrow? When are we going to have a class meeting?备注:在if条件或as soon as等时间状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。4.一般过去式过去时间发生的或过去经常性的动作yesterday,last night,two days ago, in 2000,at that time,before liberation,when 等引导的含 过去时的句子。动词构成:动词过去时(-ed) workeddidnt+动原 didnt work 一般疑问构成及简答举例:Did+主语+动原+其它?特殊疑问句举例:
5、What did he do yesterday? When did he get up this morning?5.现在完成时用法: 1、发生在过去的动作且对现在仍有影响的动作,强调对现在的影响.2、从过去一直延续到现在的动作already,just,never,before,recently,in the past few years,ever,so far,since+过去的点时 间, for+一段时间have/has+过去分词(-ed) have/has workedhave/has not+过去分词一般疑问构成: Have/Has+主语+过去分词?What have you don
6、e recently? How long has he lived in Beijing?暂时性动词不能与for, since,How long等 表示段时间 的短语同时使用。现在完成时态一、引入:举例: I bought a new car two weeks ago . I have bought a new car . 剖析与比较:两周以前购买,动作发生于过去。“我”“已经购买”,“已经拥有”,重在强调“有”的结果与影响。二、含义与特点:1 、含义:表示过去已经发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果 2 、不仅单纯表示一个过去的动作,而且还表示该动作对现在的某种影响以及产生的后果
7、;既涉及过去,又联系现在。并重在强调动作完成的结果与影响。三、构成:I 、 1 、由“助动词 have/has + 过去分词”构成。主语是第三人称单数助动词用 has , 其余人称与数助动词用 have . Ive seen this film . 我(已经)看过这部电影。He has lost his math book. 他(已经)把数学书丢了。2 、注意:在现在完成时态的各种结构中, have , has 均为助动词,无实际意义,只起构成时态结构的作用,但不可以省略。 have , has 之后要用动词的过去分词,不可用过去式。II 、过去分词的构成:1 、规则动词:规则动词的过去分词的
8、构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:、一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited 、以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ ed ”。lived-lived-lived , 、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 y 变为 i ,再加“ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried , play-played-played ,stay-stayed-stayed 、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”。stop-stopp
9、ed-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词:不规则动词的过去分词要特别牢记,详见课后附录中的不规则动词表。四、句式变化:1 、肯定句:由“助动词 have/has + 过去分词”构成。2 、否定句:由“ have/has + not 过去分词”构成。have , has 与 not 分别缩写为 havent 或 hasnt 。have not havent hAvnt has not hasnhAsnt They havent come back yet . ( 他们还没有回来。) She hasnt bought that book . ( 她没买那
10、本书。3 、一般疑问句:将 have/has 提到主语之前并大写,句末加问号 , 过去分词不变。简略回答用: Yes , 主语 + have / has . 或 No , 主语 + havent /hasnt. Have you ever made cakes ? 你做过蛋糕吗? Yes , I have . 是的,我做过。 ( No , I havent .) 不,我没做过。 Has Tom finished his homework ? 汤姆已经完成家庭作业了吗? Yes , he has . 是的,他已经完成了。 ( No , he hasnt .) 不,他没有完成。五、连用的时间状语(
11、标志词):1 、与现在完成时态连用的时间副词有: ever (曾经)、 never (从未、从不)、 just (刚刚、刚才)、 already (已经)、 before (以前、从前)、 yet (仍未)、 recently (最近)等等。每一个副词都可以作为现在完成时态的标志,但它们在句中的位置不尽相同:、 ever , never , just , already 常用于助动词之后,实义动词之前;、放在句尾的常有 already ,yet ,before ,recently. 、通常情况下, already 用于肯定句中,但变为疑问句时,要把 already 变为 yet; 另外, al
12、ready 有时可放在疑问句的句末,表示惊讶、怀疑等语气。I have already sung this song . 我已经唱过这首歌了。Have you sung this song yet ? 你(已经)唱过这首歌了吗?Has he returned already ? 他已回来了?、 yet: 通常用于否定句的句末,表示“仍然,还”之意 ; 还可用于疑问句的句尾,表示“已经”之意。He hasnt known this news yet . 他还不知道这个消息呢。-Has Jim left here yet ? 吉姆已离开这儿了吗?-Not yet . 还没呢。、 never 表示“
13、从未、从不”之意,本身已表示否定。ve never spoken to foreigners . 我从未与外国人讲过话。、 before 后面无其它词时,与现在完成时态连用,不可用 ago 代替, ago 只与一般过去时态连用。He has visited the Great Wall before . 以前他参观过长城。He visited the Great Wall two days ago . 两天以前他参观了长城。2 、 for + 一段时间 ; since + 过去时间点 / 过去动作点(从句) 3 、还有: so far (到现在为止 ,到目前为止), in / during t
14、he last /past five/few years (在过去的多少年中)等。They have already finished their homework. (Have they finished their homework yet ?I have travelled to Qingdao before. t finished reading the book yet . He has been in Beijing since four years ago . 六、现在完成时态的第二种用法:I 、引出:I came here eight years ago . 我 8 年前来到这儿
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