1、同时对三种取热方式进行了比较,对其在实际系统中的合理运用提出了建议。通过实验对防腐型翅片管换热器的换热性能进行了测定,并与铜盘管式换热器作了对比。试验了灰水池的曝气工艺对换热器性能的影响,结果表明曝气有助于增强换热器的换热效果。针对灰水池水位变化使换热量降低的问题,本文又对防腐翅片管换热器的使用提出了几点建议,使其在灰水池中能更加稳定地运行。关键词:星级宾馆中水 灰水热泵热量回收换热器 AbstractResults of investigations show that energy consumption for heating water has taken account 10%40%
2、 of total energy consumption of hotel and restaurants buildings. By the end of the year of 2006, there are 13378 star hotels all over the country including 700 ones in Beijing. The Drainage, coming mainly from bathing wastewater, washing water, laundry wastewater contains large volume of heat and it
3、s temperature ranges from 20 to 35. If the heat can be recovered, it would be helpful to improve energy efficiency and reduce the whole energy consumption. Therefore, its very important to research heat recovery from hotel drainage for getting environmental and economic benefits.The temperature rang
4、es of the heat sources, reclaimed water and its raw water (defined as grey water in this paper) in a Beijing five star hotel, were measured for one year. Two heat exchangers were selected as experimental subjects, which were a copper coil tube heat exchanger and an anticorrosive finned tube heat exc
5、hanger. A model experiment platform of heat recovery by heat pump was designed and set up to study the performance of heat pump system and heat exchanger. According to the properties of reclaimed water and grey water, the heat output of the heat pump system and its coefficient of performance (cop) w
6、ere tested under three different systems, which include open loop system, copper coil tube loop system and finned tube loop system, and the obtained data were analyzed. The matching problem of heat pump system as the auxiliary heat source for Gas Boiler was discussed. The three different heat recove
7、ry systems were compared and their applications were concluded. The heat transfer performance of anticorrosive finned tube heat exchanger was tested and compared with that of copper coil tube heat exchanger. The effect of aeration system on the performance of heat exchanger is studied experimentally
8、 and the results show that aeration system can enhance the heat transfer apparently. At last, the paper gave some suggestions on application of finned tube heat exchanger in practice when the level of grey water pool changes.Keywords: star hotel; reclaimed water; grey water; heat pump; heat recovery
9、; heat exchanger目录1 绪论 11.1 课题研究的背景及意义 11.2国内外研究与应用进展 21.2.1国外研究与应用进展 21.2.1国内研究与应用进展 32 热泵技术及宾馆优质杂排水的热量回收 62.1 热泵技术 62.1.1 热泵的历史与发展 62.1.2 热泵循环热力分析 72.1.3热泵的低位热源 102.2 星级宾馆建筑排水概述 112.2.1 宾馆建筑排水概况及处理系统 112.2.2 宾馆建筑中水系统的热能特征 172.2.3 北京某星级宾馆用热能耗情况 192.3中水及灰水源热泵系统 192.3.1中水及灰水源热泵的概念 192.3.2中水及灰水源热泵系统的原
10、理 202.3.3中水及灰水源热泵系统的形式 212.3.4中水及灰水源热泵系统的特点 223换热器 233.1换热器的类型及特点 233.2 影响换热器性能的因素 243.3 换热器强化传热的方法 273.4 换热量计算 283.4.1 能量平衡方程 283.4.2 换热计算温差 293.5 灰水换热器的选择与设计 323.5.1 灰水换热器的选择 323.5.2换热器计算模型 334 实验 384.1 实验目的 384.2 实验方法 384.3实验系统 404.3.1实验台的设计 404.3.2 实验主要设备 425热泵性能实验及结果分析 465.1水质对换热实验的影响 465.2 开式系
11、统实验 475.3 铜盘管间接换热实验 495.3.1 无曝气工况下热泵系统实验 495.3.2 有曝气工况下热泵系统实验 515.4 翅片管间接换热实验 535.4.1 无曝气工况下热泵系统实验 535.4.2 有曝气工况下热泵系统实验 545.5 三种取热方式的对比 566 灰水换热器实验及数据分析 606.1无曝气工况下换热器实验 606.2有曝气工况下换热器实验 616.3水箱水位变化对换热器的影响 627 结论与展望 667.1 结论 667.2 不足与展望 67参考文献 68致 谢 721 绪论1.1 课题研究的背景及意义能源问题是当代国际性的重大战略问题之一,随着世界人口和经济的
12、迅速增长,加剧了矿物能源的消耗和枯竭,导致环境的污染和破坏。据统计,1992年中国的能源效率仅为291。而建筑能耗在整个社会的能源消耗中占据了大约1/3的比例。20世70年代,建筑节能作为一个新概念被提出来2,建筑节能的中心目的是减少建筑耗能,提高建筑物的能源利用效率。2004年,围绕石油与能源问题的“大事件”集中发生,如电荒、煤荒等导致的燃煤紧张、拉闸限电、北方冬季供暖受阻,使我国的能源问题显露无遗。各种能源短缺的现实警示着我们,建筑节能已经势在必行。中国正处在建筑业高速发展的阶段,每年新建成的建筑面积达20亿m2左右,是世界上最大的建筑市场,用于建筑物的能源消费逐渐上升。推进建筑节能,政府
13、办公用房、公共建筑设施应当先行,并引导居民住房和商业用房节能。积极推广应用建筑物节能技术,可以采用高效隔热材料、低散热玻璃、高效供热和空调系统、太阳能热水、水(地)源和空气源热泵、节能照明、楼宇智能化等技术,降低建筑物用能需求,使新建建筑物节能50%65%,超低能耗建筑节能90%,未来还有可能实现新建建筑的低碳乃至零碳排放3。世界各国的能源消耗中,以热能消耗量为最大。在一次能源变成热能再转换成各种形式能量的过程中,约有58. 5 %的能量是以排气、蒸汽、热水(低温) 等排热形式而损失的。而这些排热损失中,低于100的热能占很大比重4。热泵技术的开发为利用低温热能提供了有力的手段,而且满足了节约
14、能源和保护生态环境的要求。其中污水因其有冬暖夏凉等优点而被公认为是回收和利用价值较高的清洁能源。污水排热量大约占城市总排热量的10%16%左右,污水温度在535左右。采用热泵系统回收利用污水中的热能,就是用一种节能技术开发了一种清洁能源,降低了废热的排放,既节约了能源又保护了环境,是一项具有节能和环保双重意义的应用技术5。根据2000年商业建筑能耗调查统计,我国商业建筑每年的能耗总费用高达225亿元人民币,能耗费用已成为主要经营成本之一,而热水能耗是其重要组成部分。调查表明,各类商业建筑能耗中,热水能耗比重为:宾馆31%,写字楼2.7%,商场10.7%,医院41.8% 6。可见宾馆建筑的热水能耗占其能耗总费用的比重很大。北京市现有数量众多的各类大型公共建筑,高级宾馆建筑占有相当大的比例。截至2006年底,全国共有星级宾馆13378家,北京市星级宾馆数量达到700家,其中五星级37家,四星级91家,三星级228家,二星级292家,一星级52家,客房近12万间
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