1、院 系:专 业: 班 级:学 生:学 号:指导教师:2013年 6月硬件部分摘要太阳能是一种非常具有开发潜力的能源,世界各国都在积极开发利用太阳能。我国太阳能的利用,在近十年发展得非常迅速,但是我国的太阳能利用技术还比较落后,且太阳能利用的局限性很大。为了进一步扩大太阳能的利用范围,提高太阳能的利用率,本文开发了一套太阳跟踪与驱动系统,该系统能够使太阳能利用装置时刻保持与太阳光线垂直,其结构简单、成本低廉且跟踪精度高,可用于太阳灶、太阳能热水器等各种太阳能装置上,具有一定的实用价值。设计的太阳跟踪与驱动控制系统主要由三大部分构成:传感器、控制器、机 械跟踪平台。传感器由独立的四片光电池组成,用
2、于大范围跟踪太阳,控制器硬件以单片机STC12C5A60S2为核心,完成了控制器的硬件电路设计和制作,系统的硬件电路包括,模拟输入电路,电机驱动电路,电源电路等。关键词:太阳跟踪,传感器,控制器,跟踪平台ISolar photovoltaic energy sources tracking control system The hardware partAbstractSolar energy is a kind of energy with great potential development,and many countries is trying to utilize it.The u
3、se of solar energy is developed very fast in our country in recent ten years.But the technology of utilizing solar energy is still relatively backward,and the application of solar energy is restricted by many factors.To widen the use of solar energy and increase the utilization of solar energy,the s
4、olar energy traking and driving system is designed in this paper.The system can guarantee that the deviceice of utilizing solar energy is vertical to sun streams,and it has simple structure, low cost and high tracking precision.The system can be used in many kinds of solar installations such as sola
5、r cooker and solar water heater,and it has certain practical value.In the paper,the designed solar tracking and drive control system are mainly composed of three major components:sensors,controllers and mechanical tracking platform.The sensor is mainly composed of four photocell which could achieve
6、large-scale tracking the sun.STC12C5A60S2 is used as the core in the controller.Hardware circuit design and production are accomplished.The system hardware circuits are composed of analog input circuit,the motor drive circuit,power circuit and so on.Keywords:Solar tracking,sensor, controller,trackin
7、g platformII1 绪论 . 11.1课题背景 . 11.1.1发展太阳能的背景 . 11.1.2太阳能的特点 . 31.1.3太阳能利用基本方式 . 41.1.4我国太阳能资源及利用情况 . 41.1.5国外太阳能利用现状 . 51.2课题意义 . 61.3国内外研究现状 . 71.4跟踪方式的比较 . 81.4.1视日运动轨迹跟踪 . 81.4.2光电跟踪 . 81.4.3视日运动轨迹跟踪和光电跟踪相结合 . 81.5太阳运动规律 . 91.5.1太阳与地球的位置关系 . 91.5.2相关角度的计算 . 101.6设计要求 . 122.本课题研究的主要内容和拟采用的研究方案、研究方法或措施。 . 122.1 主要内容 . 122.2 研究方法 . 122.3系统工作原理 . 133 太阳跟踪控制系统的硬件设计 . 153.1硬件总体设计方案 . 153.2 信号采集电路 . 153.3 通信电路 . 163.4 键盘电路 .
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