K12通用版中考英语二轮复习连词讲义Word下载.docx

1、2.1 并列连词1.并列连词的功能：连词在句中主要起连接词与词、短语与短语及句子和句子的作用。即，连接两个平行的成分或句子。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, as well as, bothand, not onlybut also, eitheror, neithernor, （and）then等等。2.并列连词的用法表示连接两个共同概念and和or1）并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。2）但有时and也可用于否定句。请注意其不同特点：There is no air or water in the m

2、oon.There is no air and no water on the moon.在否定中并列结构用or连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。bothand两者都 （两者都强调，谓语动词为复数）not onlybut （also）,不但而且 （强调后者，就近原则）注意： not only but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.neithenor意思为既不也不 （就近原则）Neither y

3、ou nor he is to blame. as well as 也 （强调前者，就远原则） The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much.I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels.表示选择的并列结构 1） or意思为否则。 I must work hard, or Ill fail in the exam.2） eitheror意思为或者或者注意谓语动词采用就近原则。Either you or I a

4、m right.表示转折或对比1） but表示转折，while表示对比。some people love cats, while others hate them.2） notbut 意思为不是而是not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。They were not the bones of an animal, but （the bones） of a human being.表示因果关系1） forfor是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。2） so, thereforeHe hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the

5、 game.备注：a.两个并列连词不能连用，但therefore, then, yet.可以和并列连词连用。You can watch TV, and or you can go to bed.He hurt his leg, and so / and therefore he couldnb. although yet，但although不与 but连用。 （错）Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work. （对）Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the

6、 work. 比较so和 such其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。2.2从属连词1.引导宾语从句的从属连词有三个：that （无词义，可省略）；whether （是否），可与“or （not） ”连用；if（是否）。它们在从句中都不作成分。在ask,wonder,not know,want to know,not be sure等后常用whether或if从句，而不用that从句。2.引导状语从句的从属连词：从句种类主要从属连词

7、时间从句 when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whenever 条件从句 if, unless 目的从句 in order that, so that 结果从句 sothat, suchthat, so that, so 原因从句 because, as, since 让步从句 although, though, even though（if）, while 方式从句 as if, as though 地点从句 where, wherever 比较从句 than, as常用连词的用法辨析1 while, when, as这三个连词都可引导时

8、间状语从句，但用法有所不同。1） 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.2） 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.3） 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。As children get older, they become more and m

9、ore interested in things around them.4） 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边一边”时，最常用as。Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.She looked behind from time to time as she went5） 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。When he finished his work, he took a short rest.6） 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。When John arrived I was cooking lu

10、nch.2.as, because, since , for这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。1） 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。I stayed at home because it rained.-Why arent you going?-Because I dont want to.2） 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。As he wasnt ready, we left without him.Since

11、I have no money, I cant buy any food.3） for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。I decided to stop and have lunch-for I was feeling quite hungry.3.if, whetherif和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。I wonder whether （if） you still study in that school.I dont know whether （if） he likes that film.在

12、下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：1） 引导主语从句时。Whether he will come to the party is unknown. 2） 引导表语从句时。The question is whether I can pass the exam.3） 在不定式前。I havent made up my mind whether to go there or not.4.sothat, such.that1） sothat中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such.that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。Im so tired that I cant

13、 walk any farther.It was such a warm day that he went swimming.2） 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.5.eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also这三个连词词组都可连接两个并列成分。当它们连接两个并列主语时，谓语

14、动词要随相邻的主语变化。Either you or he is wrong.Neither he nor his children like fish. Not only the teacher but also the students want to buy the book.6.although, but这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。我们不能说“Although he is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others. 7.because, so这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。我们不能说“Because John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.3定语