1、动词则在主语之前。I can see you. Come here.我能看见你,过来吧。He must have been away.他一定走了。What can I do for you?我能帮你吗?How dare you treat us like that !你怎能那样对待我们!特点 :情态动词无人称和数的变化 , 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形 , 否定式构成是在情态动词后面加not 。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式 , 过去式用来表达更加客气 , 委婉的语气 , 时态性不强 , 可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,
2、分词,等形式。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We cant carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。Im sorry I cant help you.对不起,我帮不上你。. .下载可编辑 . .基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义)I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)You may have read some acco
3、unt of the matter. (或许已经)除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:1 ) 除 ought 和 used 以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带 to 的不定式。如果我们把 ought to和 used to 看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带 to 的不定式:We used to grow beautiful roses.I asked if he would come and repair my television set.2 ) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:They need not have been punished so se
4、verely.3 ) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无 -s 形式:She dare not say what she thinks.4 ) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词:Still, she neednt have run away.5 ) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?She told him he ought not t
5、o have done it.6 ) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与 have 和 be 基本助动词连用:You should have washed the wound.Well, you shouldnt be reading a novel.用法首先它是动词, 而且不同于行为动词, 行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作 (如写, 读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢)。用法是:情态动词 +行为动词原形例句: I can read this sentence in English.我能用英语读这句话。情态动词是
6、一种本身有一定的词义 , 表示说话人的情绪 , 态度或语气的动词 , 但不能单独作谓语 ,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗?Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗?You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词数量不多 , 但用途广泛 , 主要有下列 :can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (
7、should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.功能助动词 (auxiliary) 主要有两类:基本助动词 (primary auxiliary) 和情态助动词 (modal auxiliary) 。基本助动词有三个: do, have 和 be;情态助动词有十三个: may, might; can, could; will,would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能:1 ) 构成否定式:He didnt
8、 go and neither did she.The meeting might not start until 5 oclock.2 ) 构成疑问式或附加疑问式:Must you leave right now?You have been learning French for 5 years, havent you?3 ) 构成修辞倒装:Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.4 ) 代替限定动词词组:A: Who c
9、an solve this crossword puzzle?B: Tom can. Shall I write to him? Yes, do.情态动词的用法要点一 can 和 could例句1“ I don t think Mike can type.”表示能力(体力、知识、技2I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn t last year.能)3Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)( 表示过去有能力用 could)4Mary can speak three languages.(知识)5Can you ska
10、te? (技能)6.Two eyes can see more than one.两只眼比一只眼看得清。7.Could the girl read before she went to school?这女孩上学前能识字吗?在肯定句中,表示客观可能1 As a human being, anyone can make a mistake.can/could性,(客观原因形成的能力) 。 2 I m confident that a solution can be found.并不涉及具体某事会发生,3 He can be very forgetful sometimes.常用来说明人或事物的特4
11、 I may stay at home this weekend.(实际可能性)征。要表达具体某事实际发5 Peter might come to join us.(实际可能性 )生的可能性时,不用can ,6 It will be sunny in the daytime,butitcould raintonight.( 实需用 could , may, might 。际可能性 )7 7. Theyve changed the timetable,so we can go by bus instead.8 8.This hall can hold 500 people at least.9
12、The temperature can fall to 60 , that is 60 belowfreezing.气温可降至 60,也就是零下60。1011.He can t (couldn t) have enough money for a newcar.他不可能有足够的钱买新车。1112 You mustn t smoke while you re walking around inthe wood. You could start a fire.12在林子里走时勿吸烟,那样可能会引起火灾。1.Can we turn the air conditioner on?表示请求和允许。 表示
13、请求,2.Any police officer can insist on seeing a drivers license.口语中常用 could 代替 can , 3.In soccer, you can t touch the ball with your hands.使语气更委婉。4.Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?用 can 和 may 来回答,不能5.I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.用 could或 might 。6. Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you can.No, Im afraid not/No,you cann t/No,you may not.
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