小升初英语代词及冠词的使用.doc

1、凌志教育凌志教育2012年春季小升初英语一对六裴晓彤，葛旭婷，王思远导学卡（5月24日）一、代词1.种类英语有下列几种代词：1)人称代词a)主格：I，he，she，it，we，you，they.b)宾格：me，him，her，it，us，you，them.2)物主代词：a)形容词性物主代词：my，his，her，its；our，your，their.b)名词性物主代词：mine，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs.3)自身代词：myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，

2、oneself.4)相互代词：each other，one another.5)指示代词：this，that，these，those，such，same.6)疑问代词：who，whom，whose，which，what.7)不定代词：some，something，somebody，someone，any，anything，anybody，anyone，no，nothing，nobody，no one，every，everything，everybody，everyone，each，much，many，little，a little，few，a few，other，another，all，non

3、e，one，both，either，neither.2. 人称代词的用法表示我，、你、他、我们、你们、他们等的词，叫做人称代词。1)、人称代词主格的用法a)作主语I am a cook.(炊事员) We are cooks. You are a teacher.(教师) You are teachers.She is a nurse.(护士)They are nurses. It is a cart.(大车) They are carts.b)作表语Its I .是我。 Oh，its you. 噢，是你。注一第一人称单数人称代词I (我)永远要大写。(见上面例句)注二口语习惯上不说its I

4、(he, she等)，而说Its me (him，her等)。2)、人称代词宾格的用法a)作及物动词的宾语The dog bit him.那只狗咬了他。Our P. T. teacher taught us to swim yesterday.我们的体育老师昨天教我们游泳。This is my new hat. Do you like it ?这是我的新帽子，你喜欢吗?b)作介词的宾语My brother often writes to me.我弟弟常给我写信。They took good care of us.他们无微不至地照料我们。3)、人称代词的其他用法 各人称代词除按照自身的人称、数和

5、格使用外，还有下列一些特殊用法：a)报刊的编辑和文章的作者，在发表观点时，常用we代替I (同样用our代替my)。如：We believe that China will make still greater progress in shipbuilding.我们相信中国的造船业将会有更大的发展。In our opinion this is the best film of the year.我们认为这是今年最好的影片。b)用she来代替国家、城市、船舶、飞机以及动物等，以表示亲切和爱抚。如：Thats the picture of the Dongfeng; she is a 10,000

6、 - ton class ocean - going freighter.那是万吨远洋货轮东风号的照片。The dog waved his tail when he saw his master.那狗看见主人就摇尾巴。c)it有时可用来代替小孩(child)和婴儿(baby)。如：The child smiled when it saw its mother.小孩见到母亲就笑了。d) they可用来代替一般的人，特别在they say中。如：They say theres going to be another good harvest this year.人们说今年又是个丰收年。3.物主代词

7、的用法表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词，也可叫做代词所有格。1)、形容词性物主代词用作定语I love my work in the hospital.我喜欢我在医院的工作。How many students are there in his (her) class?他(她)班上有多少学生?There are many good teachers in our school.我们学校有许多好老师。I saw a film lasts saturday. Its title was Guerrillas on the Plains.我上星期六看了一个电影，名叫平原游击队。2)、名词性物主代词用作主

8、语、宾语和表语a)用作主语：Our room is on the first floor, and theirs is on the second 我们的房间在一层，他们的在二层。Ours is a socialist country.我们的国家是社会主义国家。b)用作宾语：I didnt borrow her dictionary. I borrowed his.我没有借她的字典，我借的是他的。c)用作表语：Whose pencil is this?It is hers.这是谁的铅笔?-是她的。These tools are ours.这些工具是我们的。注of+名词性物主代词和of+名词所有

9、格的用法完全一样。如：a friend of mine我的一个朋友(表示部分观念，意即我有不少朋友，他(她)是其中之一)this lovely child of yours你的这个可爱的孩子(有感情色彩)4.自身代词的用法表示反射(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身)或强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气)的代词叫做自身代词。1、在句中作宾语，表示动作回到动作执行者的本身。如：Please help yourself to some lea.请自己用茶。(作help的宾语)The girl is too young to look after herself.这女孩太小，还不能照顾自己。(作look

10、 after的宾语)He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself他总是帮助别人，从不想到自己。(作thought of的宾语)2、在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，作亲自、本人解。它在句中可置于名词、代词之后，也可置于句子末尾。如：You yourself said so.你自己是这样说的。The desk itself is not so heavy.书桌本身并不重。I fixed the window myself.这窗户是我自己装的。5.相互代词表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。相互代词的

11、用法1）、作宾语。如：Do you often see one another?你们彼此常见面吗?New and old students learn from each other.新老同学相互学习。.John and Tom helped each other.约翰和汤姆相互帮助。2）、作定语时须用所有格。如：We are interested in one anothers work.我们关心彼此的工作。The students corrected each others mistakes in their homework.学生相互改作业中的错误。Students cut each o

12、thers hair.同学们相互理发。3）、each和other有时可分开用。如：Each tried to persuade the other to stay at home.两个人都彼此劝说对方留在家里。Such和same是指示代词，其单、复数的形式相同。它们在句中可用作：1、定语The foreign Visitors said they had never seen such a beautiful city before.外宾说他们从来没有看过这样美丽的城市。We are not talking about the same thing.我们谈的不是一回事。注 such作定语时，它

13、所修饰的名词之前如有不定冠词，这个不定冠词应放在Such之后，如上面第一例。2、相当于名词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。Such were his words.这就是他讲的话。(作主语)The same can be said of the Other article.另一篇文章也是同样情况。(作主语)Take from the drawer such as you need.你需要什么，就从抽屉里拿吧。(作宾语)His name and mine are the same.他和我同名。(作表语)注注意在same之前一般须用定冠词the。6疑问代词有who(谁，主格)，whom(谁，宾格

14、)，whose(谁的，所有格)，what(什么)和which(哪个，哪些)等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中疑问代词一般都放在句首，并在句中作为某一句子成分。如：Who is going to speak to us tomorrow?明天谁来跟我们讲话?(who作主语)Who told you so?是谁告诉你的?(who作主语)Whom are you talking about ?你们在说谁?(whom作宾语，但在句首时口语常用who代替whom)Whose umbrella is this ?这是谁的伞?(whose作定语)What is that? 那是什么?(what作表语)What d

15、id he say?他说什么?(what作宾语)Which is yours，the blue pen or the redone?蓝笔和红笔哪一支是你的?(which作主语)注which表示在一定范围之内的选择，what则没有这种限制。如：What do you usually have for lunch?你们午饭通常吃些什么?Which do you like best?你最喜欢哪一个?Which of you comrades come from the Northeast? 你们同志们中间谁是东北人?疑问代词可以引导一个间接疑问句间接疑问句在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。疑问代词本身在间接疑