小学英语语法基础知识大全蓝本.doc

1、小学英语语法汇总（蓝本）可数名词与不可数名词“分家” 一、可数名词与不可数名词的区别 可数名词是可以按个数来计算的普通名词，分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。不可数名词是不能按个数来计算的普通名词，分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)

2、。 强调：不可数名词默认为单数，用is或者was；不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断。二、可数名词的家务事 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下： 1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。 如：book books house houses day days 读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和元音后读z。 2. 以s,ss,ch,sh, x 结尾的在词尾加-es 。 如：bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes

3、读音：iz3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的，将y改为i再加-es。如 city cities factory factories 读音：z4. 以f 或fe 结尾的，将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife wives thief-thieves 读音：z5. 特例（常考） child children mousemice man men womanwomen policeman policemen (规律：man men) tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 注：黑人 英雄 土豆 西红柿加es其余

4、加-s,如：photo photos hero heroes negronegroes 读音：z foot feet tooth teeth oo变ee sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish单、复数同形 people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。 三、 不可数名词的家务事 1. 不可数名词没有复数，作句子主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：The food is very fresh.2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但意义发生变化。 如：water (水) waters (水域) orang

5、e (橘汁) oranges (橘子) 3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表种类时就可数，意义不发生变化。如： fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs 4. 计算不可数名词的数量，要在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”如：a glass of water a piece of paper a bottle of juice 5.判断步骤： 如是am、is或was原形 读句子读该单词认识该单词理解意思看be动词 如是are或were加s或esA.用所给名词的适当形式填空1. How many_(sheep) are there o

6、n the hill? 2. There is some_(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five_(people ) in his family. 6. Lets take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here. 8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The_(child) are playing

7、 games on the playground now. 10. Their_(dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white_(hair). 12. They are_(woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please? 14. There are many_(fox) in the picture. 15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty. 16.Are there tw

8、o ( box ) on the table? 17.I can see some ( people ) in the cinema. 18.How many ( day ) are there in a week? 19.Herere five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you. 20.This ( violin ) is hers. Those ( grape ) are over there.参考答案：1.sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9.

9、children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice B.写出下列各词的复数 I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief_engineer_peach_sandwich_woman_ leaf_ people_冠 词 冠词是一种虚词，不能独立使用，通常放在名词的前面，分为“不定冠词”和“定冠词”两种。1、

10、不定冠词：a、an用在单数名词前，表“一个，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”开头的单词前。 如：an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English watch, an hour2、 定冠词：the用在单数或者复数名词前，没有具体意思，翻译为这、那。基本用法： （1）表特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new. （2）表示说话者双方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please. （3）表示再次提到前面谈过的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is be

11、autiful. （4）用在表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the sun太阳 the moon月亮 the earth地球 （5）用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。如：the Great Wall长城 （6）用在江河、湖海等专有名词前。 如：the ChangJiang River长江 （7）序数词、形容词最高级、乐器等词前和一些习惯用语中一般都用定冠词the。 如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class练一练：1、用a或an填空。_ “U”_ ice-cream _ goalkeeper_ teapot_ apple_ office _ English book_ umbrella _ unit_ hour 2、根据需要，填写冠词a，an或the。（1）Who is_girl behind_tree?（2）_old m