译林牛津版江苏专用版高考新增分大一轮复习语法专题全辑专题十四名词讲义英语Word格式文档下载.docx

1、machinery，furniture，mankind，jewellery；有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看作整体，复数看作集体的各个成员。The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）。The crew are all tire船员们都累坏了（指个体）。不可数名词的数（）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功a succ

2、ess一个（件）成功的人（事）win honour赢得荣誉an honour引起尊敬的人（事）failure失败a failure失败者by experience靠经验an experience一次经历with pleasure乐意a pleasure乐事抽象名词与a（an）连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk （swim，bath，talk） with me？It is a waste of tim

3、e reading such a novel.She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.（）物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。物质名词有形或数的相应物体时，有单、复数。some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料，a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。名词所有格“s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：（

4、）用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：todays newspaper，five minutes walk（drive），five pounds weight，ten dollars worth of coffee。（）用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。the worlds population，Chinas industry，New Yorks parks。名词作定语英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。（）分类意义。air pollution 空气污染 boy friend男朋友coffee cup咖啡杯 body language

5、身体语言road accident交通事故 the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖（）时间、地点、称呼等。Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠（）表目的、手段、来源、所属意义。reception desk接待台 sports field田径场stone table石桌 color TV彩电几组常考名词辨析（）cause，reason，excusecause是造成某种客观事实或现象的原因，后接介词of；reason是说明一种看法或行为的理由，后接介词for；excuse是“借口、辩解”的意思。Careless

6、ness is the cause of the accident.The reason for her coming late was that her car broke down on the way.Late again! Whats your excuse of this time？（）sight，view，scene，scenerysight指“景色”时为可数名词，往往指眼见的景色，如供人游览的“美景”或“名胜”，尤指人工制成的景色。Come and see the sights of London.view通常指自然景色，或指从远处或高处看到的景观、景物。We can get a

7、 very good view of the sea from the top of the tower.scene所表达的景色常是scenery的一部分，常指自然景色，也可指舞台的场景、现实生活中的场景、场面、情景。The sunrise is a beautiful scene.I was touched by the happy scene.scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色，是不可数名词。The best part of the trip was the scenery.It was fantasti（）award，reward两者既可作名词也可作动词。awar

8、d用作名词时，意为“奖品”、“奖金”，用作动词时，常用于award sth. to s 中；reward作名词时，意为“报酬”、“奖励”、“报答”，用作动词时，常用于reward s for sth. 。He won the first award in the singing contest.He received a reward of $900 from the police for catching the criminal.（）habit，custom，customshabit指个人在长时间内逐渐养成的、一时不易改变的行为和习惯；custom则强调社会、民族经过一个较长时间过程而形成

9、的“风俗”、“习惯”；customs为复数名词，意思是“关税”、“进口税”，当首字母大写并与the连用时表示“海关”的意思。题组训练选词填空“Tommy，run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with clearly panic in her voice.Theres a tradition in our office that when its somebodys birthday，they bring in a cake for us all to share.Whats the point，in your opi

10、nion，of helping him if he doesnt make an effort to help himself？The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.The cat jumped away，out of his reach.6We have a fine view of the lake from our hotel window.7How can I reward you for your help？8Soc

11、ial customs vary greatly from country to country.Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the youve made.（08江苏，）assignment associationacquisition assumption答案D解析句意为：努力弄明白实际正在发生的事情，而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。D项assumption意为“假设”，符合语境。youve made是定语从句，修饰assumption，make an assumption意为“做出假设”。as

12、signment任务，作业；association联系；acquisition获得，得到。The that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.（08天津，6）advice orderpossibility invitation答案C在宇宙的其他星球上存在着生命，这一可能性一直鼓舞着科学家们探索外太空。possibility意为“可能性”，符合语境，故选C。advice建议；order命令，秩序；invitation邀请，

13、请柬。Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life？Living every day to the full，definitely.（06江苏，）recipe recordrange receipt答案A解析考查名词词义辨析。句意为：您能告诉我们您幸福与长寿的秘诀吗？确切地说，是充实地过好每一天。根据答语可知，此处问的是幸福与长寿的秘诀。recipe秘诀，诀窍，符合句意。record记录；range范围；receipt收据，均不符合题意。The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight of rain later tonight.（06天津，0）effect sensechange chance天气预报说多云，今天夜间下雨的可能性不大。chance意为“可能性”，符合语境。eff